<p>Allegheny Mountain  is a major mountain ridge in the southern range of the Allegheny Mountains, part of the Appalachian Mountains. It forms the Eastern Continental Divide along part of its course and also serves as part of the Virginia-West Virginia state line.</p><br>
<p>Elevations of 4,000 ft are exceeded along much of Allegheny Mountain.</p><br>
<h2>Major peaks</h2><br>
<p>Listed from southwest to northeast:</p><br>
<p>Hickory Knob - 3,309 ft</p><br>
<p>Smith Knob</p><br>
<p>Chestnut Knob</p><br>
<p>High Top (Lookout Tower)</p><br>
<p>Chestnut Levels</p><br>
<p>Mad Tom</p><br>
<p>Mad Sheep - 4,225 ft</p><br>
<p>Paddy Knob - 4,477 ft</p><br>
<p>Bald Knob</p><br>
<p>Watering Pond Knob</p><br>
<p>Bear Mountain</p><br>
<p>Top of Allegheny (site of Camp Allegheny battlefield)</p><br>
<p>Tamarack Ridge</p><br>
<p>Grassy Knob</p><br>
<h2>Principal gaps</h2><br>
<p>Rucker Gap</p><br>
<p>Ryder Gap</p><br>
<p>Laurel Mountain, also called Laurel Hill, is a long ridge in north-central West Virginia, US. Along with Rich Mountain to the south, it is considered to be the westernmost ridge of the Allegheny Mountains and the boundary between the Alleghenies and the Allegheny Plateau.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Running northeast to southwest through Preston, Tucker, Barbour, and Randolph Counties, the ridge forms portions of the borders between them. It stretches for about 32 mi from the Cheat River (near the town of Manheim) in the north to the Tygart Valley River (near the town of Aggregates) in the south. It achieves its highest elevation at the Eliot Benchmark (3,157 ft/962 m) about 3.5 mi north of Pleasure Valley.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is formed by the same structural fold in the Earth&#39;s crust which continues north from Laurel as Briery Mountains (north of Cheat River) and south as Rich Mountain (south of the Tygart Valley River). The mountain is characteristic of the long, folded mountains of the Appalachian Valley and Ridge Region and is located at the western edge of that physiographic province.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Laurel Mountain&#39;s name was derived from the prolific "great laurel" (Rhododendron maximum) which the earliest pioneers found there in profusion the late 1700s.</p><br>
<p>After the June 3, 1861 Battle of Philippi (by some reckonings the first land battle of the Civil War), the Confederate forces, having been routed by the Union Army in Philippi, retreated south. Confederate General Robert S. Garnett moved about 3,500 troops to Laurel Mountain. The Confederates made camp at the foot of the mountain near the Laurel Mountain Road (today a winding single lane dirt road that crosses the mountain and connects the towns of Belington and Elkins). On July 6, General George B. McClellan ordered General Thomas A. Morris to advance from Philippi to Belington with about 5,000 Union troops. Skirmishing began on July 7 and lasted for five days (the "Battle of Laurel Hill"), with the Union routing the Confederate troops. Upon hearing of the simultaneous defeat of forces at Rich Mountain, General Garnett retreated with his troops to Corrick&#39;s Ford near Parsons where he soon became the first general officer to be killed in the war.</p><br>
<p>Later that summer, General Robert E. Lee maneuvered against Brig. Gen. Joseph J. Reynolds at Cheat Mountain and in the Tygart Valley. He called off the attack and eventually withdrew to Valley Head on September 17. In October, he renewed operations against Laurel Mountain with the troops of Floyd and Loring, but operations were called off owing to communication and logistical difficulties. Lee was recalled to Richmond on October 30 after achieving little in western Virginia and with his reputation diminished.</p><br>
<p>In recent years, production of a "Battle of Laurel Hill Reenactment" has been undertaken at the site of the Laurel Hill Battlefield on its anniversary dates. In 2004, the City of Belington assumed ownership of 50 acre of the old camp and battlefield.</p><br>
<h2>Wind turbines</h2><br>
<p>The AES Corporation has constructed wind turbines on Laurel Mountain. The wind farm opened in October 2011 with 61 turbines stretched across 12 miles. AES can generate up to 98 megawatts of electricity with this facility. A notable feature of the project is the largest battery installation attached to the power grid in the continental United States. The purpose of the 1.3 million batteries is to tame the wind, but only slightly. AES states the batteries will be a shock absorber of sorts, making variations in wind energy production a little less jagged and the farm’s output more useful to the grid.</p><br>
<p>Titan is a natural cavern near Castleton in the Derbyshire Peak District, and is the deepest shaft of any known cave in Britain, at 141.5 m. following its discovery on 1 January 1999 after cavers discovered connections from the James Hall Over Engine Mine to both Speedwell Cavern and Peak Cavern. Previously, the deepest known underground shaft in Britain had been Gaping Gill on the slopes of Ingleborough in the Yorkshire Dales.</p><br>
<p>Dave Nixon, nicknamed Moose and guru of a group of Peak District cavers, discovered the shaft after finding an account by an 18th-century academic, James Plumptre, in a university library. Initial explorations in the James Hall Over Engine Mine led to the discovery of a large shaft named Leviathan, before further excavations revealed the existence of Titan.</p><br>
<h2>Discovery</h2><br>
<p>Eventually a miners&#39; workplace was discovered, leading to Leviathan—a huge natural shaft altered by mining operations, 80 m deep in total. Many relics from the mining operations were discovered there still in situ as the miners left them.</p><br>
<p>The team spent three years removing another huge fall of boulders before finally gaining entry to Speedwell Cavern at the Boulder Piles. Another huge blockage at the foot of Leviathan was excavated in an operation requiring the building of a railway, and eventually the dig led into the Far Sump extension of Peak Cavern. This section of cave was previously only accessible either by diving Peak Cavern&#39;s Far Sump or via Speedwell Cavern with very difficult caving.</p><br>
<p>Moose and his team later went to this area of Peak Cavern via JH and arrived at the underside of an enormous boulder choke just a few metres from the upstream end of Far Sump. The group subsequently discovered a way up through the massive boulder pile and arrived at the foot of Titan. The echoes from their shouts and noise from the waterfall indicated a huge shaft, but their lamps showed what appeared to be the top about 60 m above them—The Event Horizon.</p><br>
<p>This proved to be only a narrowing to a large ledge and the shaft continued soaring upwards into the darkness. A six-day climb led to the domed roof with no way on, but a passage from the west some 20 m further down is believed to be the source of the stream that helped to form this massive cavern.</p><br>
<p>Blocked by a huge hanging boulder choke, the West Passage could not be explored as the choke was too dangerous to enter in its exposed position—circa 120 m above the floor. A 46 m-deep access shaft excavated from the surface took over four years to dig and now gives access to a bedding-plane passage entering the main shaft near the top of Titan. Digging continues in an attempt to extend the system in other directions. The total length of the cave system exceeds 17 km.</p><br>
<p>The cave is located near Castleton, Derbyshire, at 53&deg;20&prime;0.09&Prime;N latitude, 1&deg;47&prime;35.85&Prime;W longitude (or ).</p><br>
<p>The Josiah Day House is a historic house museum at 70 Park Street in West Springfield, Massachusetts. Built about 1754, it is believed to be the oldest known brick saltbox style house in the United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. It is owned by the local historical society, and is occasionally open for guided tours.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Josiah Day House stands on the north side of Park Street (United States Route 20), a busy parkway divided by the town common, not far from the Connecticut River. It is a 2-1/2 story brick building, set facing south toward the common. It has a side gable roof, which extends down to the first floor in the rear, giving the house its saltbox profile. A large chimney rises at the center of the house. The main facade is three bays wide, with the entry at the center. A single-story wood frame ell extends to the rear of the house. The interior follows a typical Georgian central chimney plan, with parlors on either side of the chimney, and a large kitchen space behind it, with small chambers in the rear corners.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Josiah Day bought the land at the current site of the house in 1746. By 1754, the house had been built and became the home of Josiah and his family. The house was passed down from generation to generation until the last of the Day House residents, Lydia Day, died in 1902. At that time, the remaining Day family members sold the house to the Ramapogue Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>While the main part of the house has remained in its original state, an addition was added to the back of the house in 1812, to accommodate Aaron Day II, the grandson of Josiah, and son of Aaron I. Aaron II and his family moved in with his parents and utilized the new wing.</p><br>
<p>Once the house was purchased by the Ramapogue Historical Society in 1903, it was preserved in its original state. Tours of the house are held on special town days or holidays. All artifacts in the house are time period appropriate, and include original Day family items, such as the high boy, writing desk, and other furnishings.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. It is the oldest brick building in Hampden County.</p><br>
<p>Lake Willoughby is a lake in the town of Westmore in Orleans County in the northeast section of Vermont, United States.</p><br>
<p>The lake&#39;s southern end is surrounded by the Willoughby State Forest. This state forest includes Mount Pisgah, Mount Hor, and Bartlett Mountain (Vermont).</p><br>
<p>In 2010, Yankee magazine named Willoughby as the third best lake in New England.</p><br>
<p>Willoughby Lake is known for its beautiful public beach that stretches 0.4 km on the north shore of the lake, or in the zone of the lake outlet. Another public beach is located at the bottom of the South Bay of the Lake. The village of Westmore is located on the east side, at the confluence area of Mill Creek which drains the waters of Long Pond. Many cottages and houses are located on North-East bank of the lake.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrology</h2><br>
<p>The lake is known for its clarity and chilly temperature. Because of its depth, the surface of the lake freezes later than other lakes in the Northeast Kingdom.</p><br>
<h2>Watershed</h2><br>
<p>Willoughby Lake is part of the Saint-François River watershed, its waters eventually reaching the St. Lawrence River in Canada. Willoughby River is the outlet from the lake and runs north through Brownington to feed into the Barton River. The Barton River is tributary to Lake Memphremagog and thence to the Magog River, then the Saint-François River, then the St. Lawrence River, and ultimately to the Gulf of St. Lawrence.</p><br>
<p>Prior to the floods of 1927, the river had three dams. All were destroyed by the flood. An iron bridge that ran from Evansville to Brownington Center was destroyed and rebuilt.</p><br>
<p>A dam where the Whetstone Dam had formerly stood, was rebuilt to run a sawmill, which was still in operation in 2008. The "state Fish and Game Department" bought the dam rights to allow rainbow trout to swim upriver.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Lake Willoughby is a southeast trending basin. Willoughby is a glacial lake over 320 ft deep in places, the deepest lake entirely contained in the state and second to only Lake Champlain whose deepest point reaches 400 ft. Lake Willoughby resembles a Norwegian fjord.</p><br>
<p>The rock between Mount Pisgah on the east and Mount Hor on the west was eroded by a valley ice lobe. This ice flow cut across the Willoughby granodiorite and adjacent metamorphic rocks. The ice flow may have exploited highly fractured bedrock along the margin of the Willoughby pluton or joint surfaces within the pluton.</p><br>
<p>Other mountains in territory of Westmore, Vermont are on:</p><br>
<p>East bank: Mount Hedgehog (Vermont) (high: 652 m), Mount Goodwin (Vermont) (high: 873 m), Mount Bald (Vermont) (high: 1,003 m), Mount Heystack (Vermont) (high: 794 m) and Mount McSherry (Vermont) (high: 733 m)</p><br>
<p>West bank: Mount Wheeler (Vermont) (high: 711 m) in Caledonia County, Mount Valley (Vermont) (high: 563 m), Mount May Pond (Vermont) (high: 623 m)</p><br>
<p>South bank: Mount Bartlett (Vermont) (high: 621 m) in Caledonia County.</p><br>
<h2>Natural history</h2><br>
<p>Willoughby is listed as a National Natural Landmark. Willoughby contains rainbow trout (wild and stocked), Lake Trout, landlocked Atlantic salmon (mainly stocked), rainbow smelt, burbot, yellow perch, longnose sucker, white sucker, lake chub, common shiner, and round whitefish which is a native species of extremely limited distribution in Vermont.</p><br>
<p>Steelhead trout (rainbow trout) are not native to the region, but were imported to Lake Memphremagog from the Pacific Northwest. They migrate up the Barton River and Willoughby River to the lake to spawn.</p><br>
<p>The sheer cliffs of Mount Pisgah and Mount Hor provide an environment conducive for arctic and cliff-alpine plants, as well as ideal nesting areas for the rare peregrine falcon.</p><br>
<p>More than 100 bird species have been recorded around the lake including thrushes, warblers, hummingbirds, jays, finches, loons, herons and gulls.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Tiny steam boats operated on the lake for tourists from 1884 to the early 1900s when steam was replaced by the gasoline engine.</p><br>
<p>In 1915, Robert Frost mentioned the lake in a poem, "A Servant to Servants,"I see its a fair, pretty sheet of water, Our Willoughby! How did you hear of it?I expect, though, everyones heard of it.In a book about ferns? Listen to that!"</p><br>
<h2>Toponymy</h2><br>
<p>The toponym "lake Willoughby" was officially recognized on September 1, 1992, by GNIS (Geographic Names Information System) of United States.</p><br>
<h2>Local customs and culture</h2><br>
<p>Devils Rock, located on the Mount Pisgah side of the lake at a less than halfway point from the lakes southern beach, is a popular diving spot for daring locals and vacationers. It takes its name from a painted image of a devil on the front of the rock facing out toward the lake. It is also called Devil&#39;s Rock because when reflected in still water, the image of a skull lying on its side can be seen.</p><br>
<p>Along the eastern shore, there are a series of natural waterslides that flow into Lake Willoughby. In the winter, these turn into an ice wall which is used by ice climbers.</p><br>
<h2>Economy</h2><br>
<p>Lake facilities offer swimming, hiking, and ice fishing. There is a nude beach on the lakes southern shore. Surrounding the Willoughby Lake, there are some campgrounds and cottage rental services for tourists. The Route 5A runs along the lakes eastern edge.</p><br>
<p>Iron Mountain is a mountain in the San Gabriel Mountains of Los Angeles County, California. It is within the San Gabriel Mountains National Monument, in the section managed by the Angeles National Forest.</p><br>
<h2>Names</h2><br>
<p>The 8,007 ft peak is sometimes referenced as Iron Mountain #1 or Big Iron, was originally called Sheep Mountain by the early miners in San Gabriel Canyon because of the large bands of bighorn sheep that roamed the slopes. The United States Geological Survey, which mapped the San Gabriel Mountains in the 1890s, ignored the local Sheep Mountain designation and gave it its present name. According to Will Thrall, there was once a USFS plan to change the name back to Sheep Mountain in 1940.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is in the federally designated Sheep Mountain Wilderness, a reference to the mountain&#39;s original name.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>While this mountain is far lower in elevation than other Southern California summits, it is the most difficult mountain to climb in the entire region. There are no water sources on the mountain, unless one finds snow. There are no maintained trails, the summit is seldom visited, and the climb is of about 6000 vertical feet (1,800 m), much of it at a 30° to 50° angle on loose soil, decomposed rock, or through brush. Some approaches to the summit require high degrees of rock-climbing skill. One route over the ridgeline from nearby Mount San Antonio (Mount Baldy) is long, difficult, and dangerous. The south mountain slopes in summer are directly exposed to the sun. Some climbers stay at the ruins of the Allison Mine about 3,900 ft below the summit. There are no facilities of any kind on the mountain.</p><br>
<h3>Climbing statistics</h3><br>
<p>Distance: 14 mi round trip on trail and cross-country</p><br>
<p>Gain: 7,200 ft total, 6,600 ft out plus 600 ft on return</p><br>
<p>Time: 10 to 12 hours round trip</p><br>
<p>Rating: but very strenuous</p><br>
<p>Brammah is a mountain massif in the Kishtwar Himalayas of Jammu and Kashmir, India, east of the town of Kishtwar and near the border with Himachal Pradesh. It comprises four peaks, listed in order from west to east:</p><br>
<p>Brammah I, 6,416 m, first ascent 1973</p><br>
<p>Flat Top, 6,103 m, first ascent 1980</p><br>
<p>Brammah II, 6,485 m, first ascent 1975</p><br>
<p>Arjuna, 6,230 m, first ascent 1983</p><br>
<p>Note that Brammah II is the highest of the group, contrary to usual practice. While Brammah I is not the highest, it is the most dramatic, as it is situated at the western end of the massif, above a low base.</p><br>
<p>Brammah I is particularly notable both for its huge rise above local terrain and for its being the site of the first successful major climb in the Kishtwar Himalaya. British mountaineer Chris Bonington, along with Nick Estcourt, and aided by the Indian Institute of Skiing and Mountaineering, made the first ascent of Brammah I in 1973 via the Southeast Ridge. Estcourt notes that "it is not the highest peak in Kishtwar, but it is the most obvious and elegant."</p><br>
<p>The second ascent of Brammah I in 1978 was also made by a British group, comprising Paul Belcher, Duncan Nicholson, Jon Scott, and Anthony Wheaton. Unfortunately Nicholson and Scott perished on the descent.</p><br>
<p>Anthony Wheaton returned to the sister mountain, Brammah&#39;s wife in 1979 and made the first British ascent with Richard Hester on September 16, 1979.</p><br>
<p>The building was constructed in 1912 according to the Greek Revival architecture design of Buffalo architect Edward Green, an 1878 Cornell graduate. It is shaped as an amphitheatre, with a colonnaded portico wrapping around its south side, and monumental stairs leading up to 11-foot main doors.</p><br>
<p>Bailey Hall was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Recent renovations</h2><br>
<p>The road and small parking lot immediately in front of Bailey were converted into a pedestrian plaza which was opened to the public in 2007. The flagstones of the plaza are hewn from bluestone, similar to the material used to construct the Stone Row on the Arts Quad. Some of the stones were thermally treated to alter their colors to achieve a cosmetic effect. The benches ringing the plaza extend to 30 feet in length, each having been hewn from a single Oregon Douglas fir. A fountain carved from local stone into a natural, sloping shape invoking Ithaca&#39;s gorges is featured on the southern edge of the plaza.</p><br>
<p>Jack London State Historic Park, also known as Jack London Home and Ranch, is a California State Historic Park near Glen Ellen, California, United States, situated on the eastern slope of Sonoma Mountain. It includes the ruins of a house burned a few months before Jack London and family were to move in, a cottage in which they had lived, another house built later, and the graves of Jack London and his wife. The property is both a California Historical Landmark and a National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<p>The Jack London home, called the Wolf House, is a sizable stone structure, which was destroyed by fire and whose ruins are visible within the state park property. The sloping terrain of the park has a considerable occurrence of Goulding clay loam soils, particularly in the lower reaches.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Jack London State Historic Park was occupied by a winery called Kohler & Frohling. Jack London purchased the property when it was abandoned in 1905 with hopes of becoming a rancher. He named it Beauty Ranch. While London was there, he expanded the small cottage to 3,000 square feet (279 square meters) and converted the stone house next to it into a study where London would write his works. Between 1909 and 1911, London bought more land to expand his ranch.</p><br>
<p>In 1910, he began work on his mansion on his ranch called the Wolf House. Jack and Charmian spent more than $80,000 in pre-World War I money on the house. It was to be 15,000 square feet (1,393 square meters), have custom made furniture and decorations, and feature a reflection pool stocked with mountain bass. On August 22, 1913, while the Londons were away from their ranch, they received word that their new mansion was on fire. By the time they got there the building was completely overtaken by the fire, and it was too late to save the house.</p><br>
<p>London was devastated after the fire burnt down the house that he never got to live in. This put London in debt and forced him to literally work to death, as he tried to earn enough money to run his ranch and have a good lifestyle.</p><br>
<p>On November 22, 1916, London died of a cause that is still disputed today. He wished to be cremated and have his ashes interred on the property. He also stated that he wanted to be buried near the pioneer children on a hill underneath a rock from the Wolf House, which was just down the road.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>After London died, his wife Charmian inherited the property. During that time she built a house on the land called the House of Happy Walls, which is a smaller version of the Wolf House. Charmian lived there until her death in 1955. In her will, she wanted the house she built to become a museum in honor of her husband. This became the start of the Jack London State Historic Park, which opened four years later to the public in 1959.</p><br>
<p>Today, more than 800 acres of London&#39;s Beauty Ranch have been preserved. The site is owned and operated by the California State Parks system.</p><br>
<h2>Park features</h2><br>
<h3>Winery Cottage</h3><br>
<p>The Winery Cottage was the main living quarters throughout London&#39;s time on the ranch, and the location where many of his visitors stayed. London bought it in 1911 and expanded it later that year. London further expanded by adding a west wing to the cottage, which served as a study where he wrote many of his stories. London died in this cottage, on the sunporch, on November 22, 1916.</p><br>
<h3>House of Happy Walls</h3><br>
<p>Charmian London constructed The House of Happy Walls in 1919, in memory of Jack. It is a smaller and a more formal version of the Wolf House, and much of its furniture was originally intended for use in the Wolf House. Charmian lived in The House of Happy Walls until her death in 1955, and instructed that the house be used after her death as a museum for Jack London. Today it serves as the visitor center and a museum for Jack London State Historic Park.</p><br>
<h3>Wolf House</h3><br>
<p>The Wolf House began construction in 1910 and was to be 15,000 square feet (1,393 square meters) and to include only materials native to the area, a reflection pool stocked with mountain bass, and custom made furniture. The house was nearly complete in 1913, but before the Londons got to move in, the house burnt down. The ruins still stand today.</p><br>
<h3>Jack and Charmian London's grave</h3><br>
<p>Jack and Charmian London are both buried on the property not far from the Wolf House. Jacks funeral took place on November 26, 1916, attended only by close friends, relatives, and workers of the property. In accordance with his wishes, he was cremated and buried next to some pioneer children, under a rock that belonged to the Wolf House. After Charmians death in 1955, she was also cremated and then buried with her husband</p><br>
<p>in the same simple spot that her husband chose.</p><br>
<h3>Other</h3><br>
<p>Jack and Charmian London&#39;s property was declared a California Historical Landmark in 1960 and a National Historic Landmark in 1962.</p><br>
<p>The park has been in the process of being entrusted to the Valley of the Moon Natural History Association (VMNHA) due to the statewide budget problems experienced in 2012. The California State Park system is breaking new ground by allowing private non-profit groups to operate State Parks slated for closure.</p><br>
<p>The Winery ruins next to the cottage were host to the Transcendence Theatre Company&#39;s benefit performance on Saturday, October 1, 2011, for the VMNHA. The Theatre Company planned to partner with the VMNHA to produce a concert series in summer of 2012 which would also benefit the Annadel, Sugarloaf Ridge, and Jack London State Parks.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>The site was featured in the 2010 novel The Lost Hero by Rick Riordan. According to the novel, the Wolf House is where the Roman demigods are claimed by Lupa.</p><br>
<p>Lake Cootharaba is a lake on the Noosa River within the locality of Noosa North Shore in the Shire of Noosa, Queensland, Australia. It is the gateway to the Everglades, a popular tourist attraction for Noosa, being 20 km away from Noosa. The lake&#39;s major access is the town of Boreen Point, as well as the smaller camping-spot of Elanda Point.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Lake Cootharaba is approximately 10 km long and 5 km wide, at an average depth of 1.5 m. The lake is close to the Pacific Ocean but does not drain directly into it. Instead the Noosa River enters from the north via the Everglades Wetlands and exits at the south via a navigable channel to meet the sea at Noosa Heads 12 km to the southeast. The lake is surrounded by the southern section of the Great Sandy National Park to the north, east and south with farming land to the west.</p><br>
<p>To the west of the lake are the locations of Como, Boreen Point and Cootharaba with the locality of Ringtail Creek to the south-west. To the east and south of the lake is Noosa North Shore.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Around 1869, a sawmill began operation at Elandra Point and a company town developed around it. Today the Mill Point Settlement Site is a heritage-listed archeological site.</p><br>
<h2>Attractions</h2><br>
<p>The lake is a popular location spot for fishing, sailing, canoeing and other water sports. A number of regattas are held on the lake annually and Boreen Point is home to the Lake Cootharaba Sailing Club.</p><br>
<h2>Settlements</h2><br>
<p>Boreen Point is sited on a raised point of land overlooking the western shores of the lake. The village comprises approximately 150 dwellings in a grid system with several hundred additional dwellings on large blocks of land and small farms in the surrounding area. There are two general stores, several art galleries, lakeside beaches and parkland and the historic Apollonian Hotel. The Shire of Noosa Council operates a popular camping ground on the lake shore on the southern side of the village. A feature of the camping ground is a sandy beach with shallow water that is a popular swimming spot for families and launching point for sailors.</p><br>
<p>Mount Morris Park Historic District was designated a historic district by New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in 1971, and is part of the larger Mount Morris Park neighborhood. It is a large 16-block area in west central Harlem. The boundaries are West 118th and West 124th Streets, Fifth Avenue, and Adam Clayton Powell Jr. Boulevard . "Doctors Row" comprises the nearby stretch of West 122nd Street, Mount Morris Park West and Malcolm X Boulevard; one of the doctors of "Doctors Row" was the father of the composer Richard Rodgers. Mount Morris Square, the core of the district, is now called Marcus Garvey Park.</p><br>
<h2>Early history</h2><br>
<p>Before the European settlements, the rocky hill of Manhattan mica-schist was used by the Native Americans as a lookout station to see over the entire island. The nearness of the Harlem River made Slang Berg a militarily strategic location.</p><br>
<p>Despite the 18th-century local prominence of the Gouverneur Morris family, the name "Mount Morris" for the rocky formation, one of two the Dutch called the Ronde Gerbergte is of 19th-century origin:</p><br>
<p>"One is an abrupt wooded eminence, by modern innovation styled Mount Morris, but which the Dutch called Slang Berg, or Snake Hill, from the reptile tribes that infested its cleft rocks and underbrush even within memory of the living. Southerly from it the gneiss rock crops out in huge, disordered masses. A little way to the right is... a lesser height or ridge, and which to the inhabitants came to be known as the Little Hill.</p><br>
<p>Little Hill was leveled when the right-of-way was graded for the New York and Harlem Railroad, following the present route of Park Avenue.</p><br>
<p>On September 4, 1839, a 20 acre residential square, on land which was formerly a race track for horses, out of 173 acre of a land grant farm owned by the Benson family, was set aside. The square was resited from the Commissioners&#39; Plan of 1811, which had planned for a square in the neighborhood, in order to take advantage of the rugged topography that stood squarely in the path of Fifth Avenue.</p><br>
<p>"Mount Morris Square" was officially opened December 1, 1840. Robert H. Morris, a client of the Tammany Hall political machine who had recently been removed from his position as Recorder of the City, had recently been elected Mayor of New York; he served several terms, 1841-1844. The new square that existed on paper remained unimproved for decades. It was landscaped in 1869, to a plan by the City surveyor Ignaz Pilat, for which the Central Park Commission allocated $15,000. Walks were graded and the sloping path to the summit was constructed; by the next spring, the New York Times predicted, "croquet playing, decent picnic parties, and a band of music will attract not only the inhabitants of Harlem, but those of New-York" Blocks of the original rusticated retaining walls, akin to the stonework that surrounds Central Park, can still be seen, though vandals have overthrown many stretches of walling.</p><br>
<p>Late 19th- and early 20th-century residential row houses and church architecture fill Mount Morris Park Historic District. There are several unaltered streetscapes. Romanesque Revival, neo-Grec, Queen Anne, and 1893&#39;s World Columbian Exposition in Chicago were among the influences that created the eclectic style from the Gilded Age.</p><br>
<h2>Community</h2><br>
<p>In the 1930s, New York City Parks Commissionmer Robert Moses installed playgrounds and a pool. The Boys Choir of Harlem was established in the neighborhood in 1968.</p><br>
<p>In 1973, the name of the land was changed to Marcus Garvey Park. This was in honor of the international Pan-African movement leader. In 1973, a part of the current district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>In 1981, the Mount Morris Park Community Association (MMPCIA) was created. The organization promotes the preservation of buildings such as Apollo Theatre, National Black Theatre. It has also supported the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture and the Studio Museum in Harlem. The MMPCIA sponsored annual Historic Neighborhood House Tours, held on the second week of June. The association features historic brownstones and landmark buildings open for the public to view. In 1996, the boundaries of Mount Morris Park District were expanded. They were pushed west to include blocks between Lenox Avenue and Seventh Avenue, and south to include some of West 118th Street. An extension is contemplated to reflect the area on National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Belmont County Courthouse is located at 101 West Main Street in St. Clairsville, Ohio, United States. It sits on the highest point in the St. Clairsville area and is thus visible from Interstate 70 and many other points in the Ohio Valley. It is a contributing property in the St. Clairsville Historic District, which was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1969.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Belmont County was formed in 180. The county seat was Pultney, now called Shadyside. This courthouse was a simple two-story brick building, and was only used for a few years until the county seat was removed to the more central St. Clairsville.</p><br>
<p>St. Clairsville was a developing community along the National Road and the courthouse was planned along this road. The courthouse constructed in 1805 was a log structure standing two stories high. It cost the county just over $1,000. When this building was destroyed, a new courthouse rose from its site. This new building was made of brick in the popular Federal style in 1815. The new courthouse stood two stories high and had long rectangular windows lining the facade. A cupola rose from the pitched roof. This courthouse served the county until 1885.</p><br>
<p>The new courthouse built between 1885–1888 was designed by noted Ohio (and later New York) architect, Joseph W. Yost, who also designed the similar Miami County Courthouse built at the same time in Troy. The three-floor Second Empire building hosts many county functions. It contains three courtrooms, the county commission meeting room, and offices for county officials.</p><br>
<h2>Exterior</h2><br>
<h3>The courthouse</h3><br>
<p>The three-story building is constructed of rusticated sandstone blocks with high arched windows. The building is rectangular with a central projection housing the entrance. The stairs once led to the main entrance, but due to security measures the building is now entered through a tunnel under the stairs. Above the stairs is a false balcony supported by Corinthian columns. A pair of arched windows are flanked by a set of Corinthian pilasters supporting a pediment and a frieze bearing the year "1886" in the center with a fanlight above. The central projection is topped with a pediment with a circle light framed by a carved wreath of flags. Standing guard over the entrance is a statue of Justice.</p><br>
<p>The rest of the facade on either side of the central projection is symmetrical, with three arched windows on each floor and out-thrust corners. The corner projections contain a single arched window with Doric pilasters on the second floor and Corinthian pilasters on the third. The corners are topped by a pediment with a tower which contains Doric pilasters and arched pediments. The top of each tower is crowned with an urn.</p><br>
<p>A central tower housing a clock tower and dome rises from the mansard roof. The tower contains high arched windows, Corinthian pilasters, and a small lantern. A steel bell weighing 3,800 pounds once hung from the tower but was taken down during restoration and now rests in front of the courthouse. It rang continuously for an hour in 1945 to celebrate the end of World War II.</p><br>
<h3>Grounds</h3><br>
<p>A memorial stands to the right of the building in honor of the veterans who served in various wars. The courthouse tower bell sits in the northern courtyard and the bicentennial bell sits in the southern courtyard. A brick building to the right used to house local government, but now houses one of many sheriffs posts. The southern portion of the lot consists of a series of stairs with the main landing the site of the local farmers market in the summer and the public Christmas tree in the winter.</p><br>
<h2>Interior</h2><br>
<p>The interior first floor corridors are lined in tile mosaic forming geometric shapes. The courtrooms and county offices have been refitted with modern conveniences, like an elevator, central air and heating, as well as weather-proof windows. A new metal detector purchased on a state grant protects the many county employees within.</p><br>
<p>The second floor used to be the main floor and shows evidence of this past. In the atrium is an information desk, staffed during business hours. The deed office is located down the hall.</p><br>
<p>The third floor contains the since covered dome, now illuminated by surrounding lights. This floor also houses the courtrooms. When the courthouse first opened there were three courtrooms, but the third has since been converted into the county law library.</p><br>
<p>An attic above cannot be easily accessed and houses the old bell tower and the protruding hump of the dome. The attic has since been turned into file storage for the expanding court records.</p><br>
<h2>Courthouse annexes</h2><br>
<p>There are three courthouse annexes:</p><br>
<p>St. Clairsville: 147 West Main Street in St. Clairsville, west of the main complex. This building houses the offices of the prosecuting attorney and the Western Division County Court.</p><br>
<p>Bellaire: 400 West 26th Street, Suite 100. This building houses the Eastern Division County Court.</p><br>
<p>Martins Ferry: 401 Walnut Street. This building houses the Northern Division County Court.</p><br>
<p>Pentre Ifan is the name of an ancient manor in the civil parish of Nevern, Pembrokeshire, Wales. It contains and gives its name to the largest and best preserved neolithic dolmen in Wales. The Pentre Ifan monument is a Scheduled Ancient Monument and was one of three Welsh monuments to receive legal protection under the Ancient Monuments Protection Act 1882. It is now in the guardianship of Cadw, with public access.</p><br>
<h2>The Monument</h2><br>
<p>As it now stands, the Pentre Ifan Dolmen is a collection of 7 principal stones. The largest is the huge capstone, 5 m long, 2.4 m wide and 0.9 m thick. It is estimated to weigh 16 tonnes and rests on the tips of three other stones, some 2.5 m off the ground.</p><br>
<h2>Original use</h2><br>
<p>The dolmen dates from approximately 3,500 B.C. and has traditionally been identified as a communal burial. Under this theory the existing stones formed the portal and main chamber of the tomb, which would originally have been covered by a large mound of stones about 30 m long and 17 m wide. was built with carefully constructed dry stone walling. Individual burials are thought to have been made within the stone chamber, which would be re-used many times. No trace of bones were found in the tomb, raising the possibility that they were subsequently transferred elsewhere.</p><br>
<h3>Alternative theory</h3><br>
<p>A major study by Cummings and Richards in 2014 has produced a different explanation for the monument. They identify several distinctive attributes shared by the class of monument known as dolmens, all of which are particularly well exemplified at Pentre Ifan.</p><br>
<p>Firstly such monuments typically have a large capstone derived from a glacial erratic - far bigger than is required or sensible if the aim was to roof a chamber. Furthermore, the capstone has a flat underside. Sometimes, as here, this has been arrived at by splitting the rock, other times, as at Garn Turne, some 12 km to the south-west, it has been laboriously pecked off using stone tools. The capstone is supported on the tapering tips of slender uprights. As at Pentre Ifan, there are often other stones within the group, but they play no part in holding up the capstone, and the resulting effect of the enormous stone appearing to float above the other stones would seem to be deliberate and desired. If these are the key elements of the monument then, it is argued, the stones were never designed to be buried within a mound, and they never formed a chamber to contain bones. What we see today is the monument as it was intended to be seen. It might therefore represent a more elaborate version of a standing stone. Its purpose could be simply to demonstrate the status and skill of the builders, or to add significance and gravitas to an already significant place.</p><br>
<h3>Construction technique</h3><br>
<p>The sheer size of the huge capstone that is supported by the larger dolmens makes it overwhelmingly likely that the stone was not brought in from elsewhere, but already stood as an independent glacial erratic on the same spot it now occupies. Evidence from the 1948 excavation is compatible with the idea of a large pit being dug at Pentre Ifan, to expose and work on the stone, perhaps splitting it to create a flat underside, It could then be levered vertically upwards a little at a time, using poles, ropes, and large numbers of people, and packed into place using a growing heap of boulders. Once at the required height, the supporting uprights could be introduced, and the boulders removed to leave only the uprights, and such other surrounding stones as were wanted.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>Pentre Ifan was studied by early travellers and antiquarians, and rapidly became famous as an image of ancient Wales, from engravings of the romantic stones.</p><br>
<p>The first United Kingdom legislation to give protection to ancient monuments was finally passed in 1882, and The Pentre Evan Cromlech (as it was styled) was on the initial list of 68 protected sites - one of only three in Wales. On 8 June 1884, 2 years after the passing of the first Ancient Monuments Act, Augustus Pitt Rivers, Britains first Inspector of Ancient Monuments, made a visit and produced sketch plans of the monument. The legal protection the act gave was limited. It became an offence to remove stones or items from the site, but the owner of a monument was exempt from any prosecution. The Act however provided for the Commissioner of Works to become guardian of a scheduled monument - in effect to own the monument even though the land on which it stands remains in private ownership. Perhaps as result of Pitt Rivers visit, this protection was put in place, and the Commissioner of Works and his various successor bodies have been guardians of Pentre Ifan ever since.</p><br>
<p>Archaeological excavations took place in 1936/1937 and 1958/1959, both led by William Francis Grimes. This identified rows of ritual pits which lay under the mound, and therefore must pre-date it. Kerbstones for the mound were also found, but not in a complete sequence, and aligned more to the pits than the stone chamber. Very few items were found in the excavations, other than some flint flakes, and a small amount of Welsh (Western) pottery.</p><br>
<p>The dolmen is maintained and cared for by Cadw, the Welsh Historic Monuments Agency. The site is well-kept and entrance is free. It is located about 17 km from Cardigan, and 5 km east of Newport, Pembrokeshire.</p><br>
<p>Playa El Yaque  is internationally known as one of the seven best locations in the world having ideal conditions for windsurfing and kitesurfing, attracting enthusiasts from all over the world, especially from Europe. It displays a row of hotels, shops and restaurants close to the beachfront, featuring a wide range of facilities and sport gear.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The beach is located in the south side of Island of Margarita, Venezuela, about three kilometers away from the island&#39;s International Airport. The trade winds blow steadily at 15 to 30 knots during most of the year, and the shallow sea extends south of the beach for several hundred meters, allowing fallen windsurfers to stand on the flat sand bottom. As in most of the Caribbean, the water is usually between 21°-27 °C, warm enough to allow windsurfing for hours wearing just a swimsuit or a bikini. On a typical day, up to one thousand windsurfers may be seen sailing at a given moment, along with practitioners of other similar water sports.</p><br>
<p>Doumer Island is an island 4.5 nmi long and 2 nmi wide, surmounted by a snow-covered pyramidal peak, 515 m, lying between the south portions of Anvers Island and Wiencke Island in the Palmer Archipelago of Antarctica. It was first seen by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, 1897–99, under Adrien de Gerlache. It was resighted and charted by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1903–05, under Jean-Baptiste Charcot, who named it for Paul Doumer, President of the French Chamber of Deputies and later President of France.</p><br>
<h2>Yelcho Station</h2><br>
<p>Chile&#39;s summer Yelcho research station, 64.87591&deg;S latitude, 63.583721&deg;W longitude, administered by the Chilean Antarctic Institute, stands on the southern shore of South Bay.</p><br>
<p>The Victory Theatre is a 1,950 seat venue in Evansville, Indiana. It is home to the Evansville Philharmonic Orchestra and also hosts local ballet and modern dance companies, theatre companies, and touring productions.</p><br>
<p>Opened on June 16, 1921 and originally seating 2,500 patrons, the theater was part of the Sonntag Hotel – Victory Theater complex that was organized by Marcus Sonntag and associates who were stockholders in the American Trust and Savings Bank across Sixth Street from the theater. Along with Frederick H. Gruneberg, St., President of the Consolidated Theaters Corporation, Sonntag and his associates contracted with Hoffman Construction Company to build the theater. It was air conditioned with commercial ice.</p><br>
<p>The Victory featured a daily program of four vaudeville acts, a movie, a comedy routine, organ music and a ten-piece orchestra. In 1926 the Victory was leased to Loews Theatres as a movie chain and was renamed Loews Victory. In 1928 Loews featured Evansvilles first "talking picture," an epic titled "Tenderloin." Later that year, "The Jazz Singer," featuring Al Jolson, became the first stand-alone talkie shown in the city. The Loewss Victory Theatre closed in 1971. As the independent Victory Theatre it was divided into a triplex, but was closed in 1979. The theater was restored to its former glory and reopened in 1998 after a $15 million renovation.</p><br>
<p>The Victory was designed by architect John Pridmore of Chicago. The exterior is in the restrained style characteristic of commercial buildings of the era, but the auditorium is more ornate. The stage, 68 ft wide and 82 ft deep, was at the time it was built one of the largest in the Midwest. In 1982 it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>It is owned by the City of Evansville and is co-managed with The Ford Center by VenuWorks.</p><br>
<p>The Tate House is a historic property east of Tate, Georgia on Georgia State Route 53, built for Colonel Samuel Tate in 1923. Designed by Walker and Weeks, architects in the Neo-Classical style, the home is made of pink and white marble supplied by Tate&#39;s Georgia Marble Company, and sometimes called the "Pink Palace". Tate was president of the marble company.</p><br>
<p>The Tate House is two stories, rectangular, with a hipped roof, two interior chimneys, and a pedimented tetrastyle front entrance portico. At the rear is a slightly projecting pedimented</p><br>
<p>section with a one story portico. The interior features excellent mural wallpaper and parquet</p><br>
<p>marble floors.</p><br>
<p>In 1974, Mr. Columbus J. and Mrs. Ann (Laird) Southerland bought the house; it was added to the National Register of Historic Placeson May 17, 1974. A ten year restoration project was completed, and it was opened to the public in 1985.</p><br>
<p>In January 2001, the estate was purchased by Holbrook Properties, LP. Lois Holbrook and Marsha Mann plan to continue the restoration of the mansion and gardens.</p><br>
<p>Mahantango Creek is a 36.2 mi tributary of the Susquehanna River in Dauphin, Northumberland, Schuylkill, and Snyder County counties, Pennsylvania in the United States.</p><br>
<p>Mahantango or Mahantongo (pronounced Ma-ha-tun-ga) is a Lenape word, translated "where we had plenty of meat to eat," "good hunting grounds" or "where we kill deer." The name is shared by a creek, a valley and a mountain in central Pennsylvania, and is a common street name in the area.</p><br>
<p>Mahantango Creek rises in northern Schuylkill County between Line Mountain and Mahantango Mountain and flows west, eventually forming the boundary between Northumberland and Dauphin counties. There is also a portion of Mahantango Creek on the opposite side of the Susquehanna River, in today&#39;s Snyder County. It is on the boundary between Snyder County and Juniata County. This section of Mahantango Creek begins in the mountains of the Western portions of Snyder and Juniata Counties and empties into the Susquehanna, near McKee&#39;s Half Falls. This area along the Mahantango, also known as Mahantango Township, was land granted and settled in the mid 1750&#39;s by Peter and Michael Shaffer. Both had farms, Michael Shaffer also had a Lumber Mill and a Distillery.</p><br>
<p>Little Mahantango Creek joins Mahantango Creek near the village of Rough and Ready. Pine Creek joins Mahantango Creek near the census-designated place of Klingerstown.</p><br>
<p>Mahantango Creek joins the Susquehanna River 6.2 mi upstream of the borough of Millersburg.</p><br>
<p>Saint Peter in Chains Cathedral is the cathedral of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cincinnati</p><br>
<p>The cathedral is a Greek revival structure located at 8th and Plum streets in downtown Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. It is dedicated to Saint Peters imprisonment and liberation. The churchs cornerstone was laid on May 20, 1841, under the direction of then-bishop&mdash;later archbishop&mdash;John Baptist Purcell, and the church was formally dedicated on November 2, 1845, as the first large church west of the Allegheny Mountains.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>St. Peter in Chains striking single spire, made of pure white limestone, rises 224 ft above street level, which made the church the tallest man-made structure in the city for many decades. The columns are 33 ft high, symbolizing the number of years in Jesus life.</p><br>
<p>The interior of St. Peter in Chains is distinctly unique among Roman Catholic cathedrals in America, with its Greek-themed mosaics depicting the Stations of the Cross, its ornate Corinthian columns and its massive bronze doors. The crucifix is by Benvenuto Cellini, the murals by Carl Zimmerman and the mosaic in the apse is the work of Anton Wendling.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first Catholic church in Cincinnati was Christ Church, originally located at Liberty and Vine streets, then later at 6th and Sycamore streets, at what is now the site of St. Francis Xavier Church. Christ Church served as the young dioceses de facto cathedral until the first St. Peters Cathedral was built on the site. St. Peter&#39;s was dedicated on December 17, 1826, becoming the seat of the diocese.</p><br>
<p>The second and current St. Peter&#39;s Cathedral was dedicated in 1845. The large stone angels that were on each side of the main altar were created by Odoardo Fantacchiotti in the late 1840s. They were among the first European sculptures to come to Cincinnati and now grace the Cincinnati Art Museum.</p><br>
<p>By the 1930s, St. Peter in Chains had become dilapidated, its signature white limestone covered in soot. In 1938, Archbishop John T. McNicholas moved the archdiocesan seat from St. Peter Chains to the more modern St. Monicas in the Clifton Heights neighborhood north of downtown. St. Peter in Chains deteriorated further as an ordinary parish church. In the mid-1950s, under Archbishop Karl Joseph Alters urban-renewal program and in accordance with the city&#39;s master plan, St. Peter in Chains underwent significant restoration and expansion. Architect Edward J. Schulte designed new transepts, a rectory, a sacristy, and archdiocesan offices. The church was re-dedicated as a cathedral on November 3, 1957, amid celebration and fanfare.</p><br>
<p>In 1977, the cathedral hosted a visit from Polish Archbishop Karol Wojtyla, who the following year became Pope John Paul II. To date, more than two dozen Roman Catholic bishops have been consecrated within its walls, and the cathedral is a popular venue for weddings, as well as the annual ordination of the archdiocese&#39;s priests and deacons.</p><br>
<p>Imbrie Farm is an Italian Villa style home in Hillsboro, Oregon. It was built by Robert Imbrie and was a working farm for over a century. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<p>Located just south of USA Route 26 on Cornelius Pass Road, the estate is now home to a McMenamins brewpub, the Cornelius Pass Roadhouse. Original structures on the farm include the home, a unique eight-sided barn, and a shed.</p><br>
<h2>Currently</h2><br>
<p>The old farmstead is a brewpub operated by Portland, Oregon based McMenamins. The property contains English chestnut and black walnut trees that have been there for more than 130 years.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Imbrie family arrived in the mid-1840s as part of Oregon’s first flood of white settlers. The Imbries came to Oregon from the Midwest, but the family’s patriarch, James Imbrie, Jr., was born and raised in the Kingdom of Fife on the southeast coast of Scotland.</p><br>
<p>James’ sons, James III and Robert, each developed farms in Washington County. James’ area was in North Plains, while brother Robert took over and expanded a neighboring farm (Lenox Farm), where the current buildings are located. Robert immigrated to Oregon via ship around Cape Horn.</p><br>
<p>Robert built a granary in the mid-1850s, then a decade later built the three-story, Italian Villa-style home that still stands today. It took three years beginning in 1866 to complete construction on the home, which they named the Gables. At this point, the family included 12 children and Robert’s mother. During this time the family raised Morgans as draft animals to sell to other farmers. Once Robert’s son Frank (d. 1945) took over, he turned the farm into a dairy and added the unique eight sided barn around 1900.</p><br>
<p>Later generations of the family lived in the home, adding electricity and indoor plumbing in the 1930s. James Hay, Frank’s son, transitioned the farm into grain and hay production, including barley that was used in Blitz-Weinhard beer in the mid-1900s.</p><br>
<p>By the 1970s the family had stopped the agrarian activities, and in 1977 Gary (James, Jr.’s great great grandson) opened the Imbrie Farmstead Restaurant at the old home.</p><br>
<p>In 1986 current owner McMenamins took over operations (eventually purchasing and restoring the buildings) and turned the property into the Cornelius Pass Roadhouse, a brewpub. McMenamins&#39;s Cornelius Pass Roadhouse is located at 4045 NW Cornelius Pass Rd in Hillsboro, OR 97124. The property features a brewery, distillery, outdoor meadows and groves, the historic Octagonal Barn, Imbrie Hall, and the 1866 Italianate Roadhouse. The Roadhouse features original artwork and Victorian-era furnishings, and is often used for large special events.</p><br>
<h2>Key dates</h2><br>
<p>1843: 18-year-old Edward Henry Lenox (from Kentucky) travels over the Oregon Trail and stakes a claim to the present farm site.</p><br>
<p>1850-59: Robert Imbrie acquires the Lenox farm and builds the current granary.</p><br>
<p>1863-66: Robert has the three-story, gabled farm home built.</p><br>
<p>1897: Robert dies.</p><br>
<p>1933: Imbries begin selling barley to Blitz-Weinhard.</p><br>
<p>1945: Frank Imbrie dies.</p><br>
<p>1962: James Hay Imbrie shuts down the family’s centennial farm.</p><br>
<p>1968: James Hay dies.</p><br>
<p>1969: James Hay’s son, Frank, moves his family onto the old homestead. His children are the sixth and final generation of Imbries to live there.</p><br>
<p>The Ziz River  is a river in the south of Morocco and Algeria. It has its source in the High Atlas mountains of Morocco and flows 282 km into the Sahara Desert in Algeria. Although water flow is intermittent along the Ziz riverbed, its watercourse has long been used to facilitate human transit through the mountainous region.</p><br>
<p>Cities along the Ziz river include Er Rachidia, Erfoud and Sijilmassa. There is a dam with hydroelectric generating capacity on the Ziz near Er Rachidia.</p><br>
<h2>Water rights</h2><br>
<p>Along the Ziz there is typically a common water rights rule, wherein each village and villager is entitled to a fair use and extraction of Ziz waters. Characteristically water is diverted in flatter areas to form a canal that irrigates palm groves and other crops as well as supplies domestic use.</p><br>
<p>The Mastabat al-Fir’aun  is the grave monument of the ancient Egyptian king Shepseskaf, the last king of the Fourth Dynasty documented to date. It is located in South Saqqara halfway between the Step Pyramid of Djoser at Saqqara and the pyramids of Sneferu, the founder of the fourth dynasty, at Dahshur. The structure is located close to the pyramid of Pepi II, a ruler of the Sixth Dynasty. The stone quarry for the structure is located west of the Red Pyramid of Sneferu.</p><br>
<h2>Discovery</h2><br>
<p>The Mastabat al-Fir’aun was described for the first time by John Perring in the middle of the 19th century. Karl Richard Lepsius also sought out the tomb, but he did not carry out any close investigation. The first investigation of the subterranean parts of the structure was carried out by Auguste Mariette in 1858. A proper excavation of the whole tomb complex was first undertaken by Gustave Jéquier in 1924/5. He was also the first to be assign the structure to Shepseskaf, as a result of the discovery of a fragment of a stele. Before this, the tomb had errneously been assigned to Unas, the last ruler of the Fifth Dynasty.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<h3>Mastaba</h3><br>
<p>The mastaba is 99.6 metres long and 74.4 metres wide. It is about 18 metres high and the sides have an incline of about 70°. For the core structure, the same red sandstone was used as in the nearby Red Pyramid of Sneferu. Only very sparse traces of the outer cladding remain today, but from these it can be concluded that the lowest layer was clad in pink granite and all other layers were clad in Tura limestone. It is readily apparent that the structure consists of two levels. In this respect, the Mastabat al-Fir’aun was modelled on the stepped mastabas of the early dynastic kings in north Saqqara.</p><br>
<p>Mastaba-faraoun-1.jpgThe mastaba from the southeast</p><br>
<p>Mastaba-faraoun-4.jpgEntrance to the subterranean chambers</p><br>
<p>Mastaba-faraoun-2.jpgThe northwest corner of the mastaba</p><br>
<h2>Substructure</h2><br>
<p>The entrance to the subterranean system of chambers is located on the shorter, northern side. A passage with a slope of 23°30′ leads down into the ground. It was originally 20.75 metres long, but due to a collapse it is now only 16.3 metres long. After this descent, the passage continues on the horizontal. This portion forms a small chamber with a length of 2.67 metres and a height of 2 metres. After this chamber, three portcullis stones are still anchored in the ceiling. At this point the passage is 1.1 metres wide and its height decreases to 1.27 metres. The walls and ceiling are clad in granite. After the portcullis stones, the height of the passage increases again, but the floor is very uneven, since it was no longer plastered. After a further reduction of height to 1.2 metres and a total length of 19.46 metres, the horizontal passage finally reaches the ante-chamber.</p><br>
<p>The ante-chamber has an east-west length of 8.31 metres, a width of 3.05 metres and a height of 5.55 metres. It has a pointed roof made of granite. A 1.2 metre high, 1.11 metre wide and 1.54 metre long passage with a slope of 10°30′ extends from its western end, leading to the burial chamber. This is 7.79 metres long, 3.85 metres wide and 4.9 metres high. It has a pointed granite roof, with a ceiling shaped like a barrel vault. Only fragments remain of the sarcophagus, which was probably made of greywacke or basalt. The ante-chamber and burial chamber were both clad with granite, but it was not smoothed or polished.</p><br>
<p>Another passage leads south from the southeast corner of the ante-chamber. It is 10.62 metres long, 1.14 metres wide and between 2.1 and 2.3 metres high. On its east side there are four small niches and there is another one on the west side, immediately opposite the southernmost of the eastern niches. The eastern niches are between 2.1 and 2.27 metres long, barely 0.8 metres wide and 1.4 metres high, the western niche is 2.65 metres long and 1.16 metres wide.</p><br>
<h2>Tomb complex</h2><br>
<p>The mastaba is surrounded by two mudbrick walls. The innermost one is about ten metres away from the mastaba on all sides. It is 2.05 metres thick. The second wall encircles the whole funerary area at a distance of almost 48 metres. On the east side of the mastaba was a small funerary temple, of which only the foundations and a few remnants of the walls remain today. A causeway of which only the upper portion remains, terminated at this temple. The rest of the causeway and the valley temple are no longer in evidence.</p><br>
<p>Tyritáke  was an ancient Greek town of the Bosporan Kingdom, situated in the eastern part of Crimea, about 11 km to the south from Panticapaeum. It is tentatively identified with the ruins in the Kerch district of Kamysh-Burun , on the shore of the Cimmerian Bosporus.</p><br>
<p>There are only few short mentions about Tyritake in ancient literary sources (Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnika 642, 12; Pseudo - Aelius Herodianus, De prosodia catholica 315.12; Claudius Ptolemy, Geography 3.6.3.2; Ps. Arrian, Periplous Ponti Euxini 50,9 and Gaius Plinius Secundus, NH 4, 86-87 who names the city as Dia). First serious excavations, started in 1932 (headed by J. Marti) and have been followed in 1946-1957 by great Bosporan Expedition headed by prof. V. Gaidukievich. In 70s and 80s the territory of Tyritake was excavated by an expedition from the Kerch Museum headed by D. Kirilin and O. Shevelev and since 2000 the project "Bosporan City Tyritake" directed by prof. V. Zin&#39;ko. In 2008 the Polish Archaeological Mission Tyritake of National Museum in Warsaw, with Alfred Twardecki as director, joined the project.</p><br>
<p>All these archaeological projects were able to establish that the colony, founded about the mid-6th century BC, specialized in crafts and viticulture. In the first centuries AD, fishing and wine production became the economical mainstay of the town. Tyritake was sacked by the Goths in the 3rd century AD and again in the 4th century by the Huns, but a settlement on the site continued into the Middle Ages.</p><br>
<p>Nýmphaion  was a significant centre of the Bosporan Kingdom, situated on the Crimean shore of the Cimmerian Bosporus. Today it is located near the resort town Heroivske/Geroevskoye. It lies at a distance of about 14 kilometers south of Kerch, which was the site of ancient Panticapaeum.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The ruins of Nymphaion stand on a rocky cape approximately 200 meters west of the shoreline. Centuries of coastal erosion caused the shoreline to recede. The ancient shoreline would have been some 300 meters further east.</p><br>
<p>Today the ruins are bordered by the Čurubaš Lake to the north and the Tobečik Lake to the south. In ancient times both of these lakes were ravines with sea gulfs at their mouths in the east. These ravines were situated 7 kilometers apart. They enclosed a territory of more than 40 square kilometers further west, where a rocky ridge of steep hills bordered the area on the west.</p><br>
<p>These natural borders made the territory of Nymphaion more easily defendable. In addition, it is well suited to agriculture thanks to its fertile chernozem soil. It also receives 100 millimeters more rainfall than surrounding land.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The city was founded by Greek colonists from Samos between 580 and 560 BC. There is no archaeological evidence for the presence of Scythians in the area before the city&#39;s founding. The town issued its own coins and generally prospered in the period of classical antiquity, when its citizens controlled cereal trade, which was vital for the well-being of mainland Greece. Athens chose it as its principal military base in the region ca. 444 BC and Gylon, the grandfather of Demosthenes, suffered banishment from Athens on charges that he had betrayed Nymphaeum during the Peloponnesian War. It was annexed to the Bosporan Kingdom by the end of the century.</p><br>
<p>During the Mithridatic Wars, the town allied with the Roman Republic and withstood a siege by the army of Pharnaces II of Pontus. It was at Phanagoria that the insurrection broke out against Mithridates VI of Pontus, shortly before his death; and his sons, who held the citadel, were obliged to surrender to the insurgents. An inscription found during excavations testifies that queen Dynamis honored Augustus as "the emperor, Caesar, son of god, the god Augustus, the overseer of every land and sea". The loyalty to Rome allowed Phanagoria to maintain a dominant position in the region until the 4th century, when it was sacked and destroyed by the invading Huns.</p><br>
<p>The site occupied a small hill by the sea. The acropolis contained the temples of Aphrodite (with several rooms) and of the Cabeiri. The lower terrace by the sea centred on the sanctuary of Demeter, first erected in the 6th century BC and several times rebuilt. Other ruins indicate that the town&#39;s architecture was unusually refined, perhaps the most sophisticated in the Bosporan Kingdom. One structure has no parallels in the Hellenistic world: it goes back to the 3rd century BC and is built of rose marl. The site also yielded a number of terracotta figurines, winemaking facilities (the oldest along the northern shore of the Black Sea) and several horse burials, associated with the Sarmatians.</p><br>
<p>Whin Rigg is a fell in the English Lake District, situated in the western segment of the national park, 22 kilometres south east of the town of Whitehaven. It reaches only a modest altitude of 535 m  but is part of one of the Lake District’s most dramatic landscapes in that the rugged and impressive Wastwater Screes  fall from the fells summit to Wast Water over 450 m  below. The fell&#39;s name means “gorse covered ridge” and originates from the Old Norse words “Hvin” meaning gorse and “Hryggr” meaning Ridge.</p><br>
<h2>Topography and Geology</h2><br>
<p>Whin Rigg is linked to the adjoining fell of Illgill Head, just 1.5 kilometres away at the northern end of The Screes by a path that gives precipitous views down to Wast Water.</p><br>
<p>The Screes are a Site of Special Scientific Interest and are regarded as a classic geological locality and one of the best and most famous examples of screes in Britain. The escarpment and screes are made up of hard wearing Borrowdale Volcanics rock, however there are areas of less resistant rock which have been eroded and this has led to deep gullies in the cliff face. The cliffs around the summit of Whin Rigg take the form of vertical rock buttresses which are split by the huge Great Gully and C Gully which give precipitous views of Wast Water. The gullies are spectacular but are a no go area for walkers, Great Gully has seventeen near vertical pitches and the remains of an aeroplane within it.</p><br>
<p>Apart from The Screes, Whin Rigg has another fine geological feature in Greathall Gill. This is a granite ravine which rises up the fell from where the River Irt flows out of Wast Water to the 400 metre mark on the fell to the south west of the summit. The lower section of the ravine in steep sided and wooded and support a range of mosses, ferns and herbs including Common wood sorrel, Chrysosplenium oppositifolium (opposite leaved golden saxifrage) and great wood rush.</p><br>
<h2>Ascents</h2><br>
<p>The path on the eastern side of Greathall Gill has developed into a popular way up the fell from Nether Wasdale and has become eroded in recent years, it is being monitored so any worsening of the situation can be reversed.</p><br>
<p>Whin Rigg can be climbed either from Nether Wasdale in Wasdale or Eskdale Green in Eskdale using the bridleway which links the two places to attain the western ridge of the fell, there are then 230 metres of ascent up the ridge to reach the summit. Walkers starting from the Wasdale side can also use the footpath by Greathall Gill as already mentioned.</p><br>
<h2>Summit</h2><br>
<p>The highlight of the summit panorama is the view down to Wast Water, and there are good views of the coastal plain and the Isle of Man.</p><br>
<p>Mahālangūr Himāl  is a section of the Himalayas in northeast Nepal and south-central Tibet  extending east from the pass Nangpa La between Rolwaling Himal and Cho Oyu, to the Arun River. It includes Mount Everest, Lhotse, Makalu, and Cho Oyu — four of Earth&#39;s six highest peaks. On the Tibetan side it is drained by the Rongbuk and Kangshung Glaciers and on the Nepali side by Barun, Ngojumba and Khumbu Glaciers and others. All are tributaries to the Koshi River via Arun River on the north and east or Dudh Kosi on the south.</p><br>
<p>Mahalangur Himal can be divided into three subsections:</p><br>
<p>Makālu (मकालु) nearest the Arun River and along the Nepal-China border including Makalu 8463m, Chomo Lonzo 7790m south of the Kama valley in Tibet, Kangchungtse or Makalu II 7678m, Peak 7199 and some ten others over 6000 metres.</p><br>
<p>Barun (बरुण, Baruṇa) inside Nepal and south of the Makālu section. It includes Chamlang 7319m and Chamlang East 7235m, Peak 7316, Baruntse 7129m, Ama Dablam 6812m and about 17 others over 6000 metres.</p><br>
<p>Khumbu (खुम्बु) along the international border west of the Makalu section, Including the Everest massif: Everest 8848m, Lhotse 8516m, Nuptse 7855m and Changtse 7580m. West of Everest are Pumori 7161m and Cho Oyu 8201m plus some 20 others over 7000 metres and 36 over 6000 metres.</p><br>
<p>The Khumbu region of Nepal is the best known populated part of the Mahalangurs since it is on the access trail to the normal (South Col) route up Everest.</p><br>
<p>The Marquette Building, completed in 1895, is a Chicago landmark that was built by the George A. Fuller Company and designed by architects Holabird & Roche. The building is currently owned by the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. It is located in the community area known as the "Loop" in Cook County, Illinois, United States.</p><br>
<p>The building was one of the early steel frame skyscrapers of its day, and is considered one of the best examples of the Chicago School of architecture. The building originally had a reddish, terra cotta exterior that is now somewhat blackened due to decades of Loop soot. It is noted both for its then cutting edge frame and its ornate interior.</p><br>
<p>Since construction, the building has received numerous awards and honors. It was designated a Chicago Landmark on June 9, 1975, and is considered an architectural masterpiece. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 17, 1973 and named a National Historic Landmark on January 7, 1976. The building&#39;s preservation has been a major focus of the Landmarks Preservation Council of Illinois. The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation completed an extensive four-year restoration in 2006.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was named after Father Jacques Marquette, the first European settler in Chicago, who explored the Chicago region in 1674 and wintered in the area for the 1674-5 winter season. It was designed by William Holabird and Martin Roche, with Coydon T. Purdy, architects of the firm Holabird & Roche.</p><br>
<p>In the 1930s, the building was the downtown headquarters for over 30 railroad companies. The building has been in continuous use as an office building since its construction.</p><br>
<p>In 1977, Banker&#39;s Life and Casualty Company, owned by John D. MacArthur, acquired the Marquette Building. After his death in 1978, the building became the headquarters for the MacArthur Foundation, which bears his name.</p><br>
<p>The lobby of the Marquette Building connects with the D.H. Burnham & Company–designed Edison Building to the west, providing a pedway from Dearborn to Clark. After the September 11, 2001 attacks, many downtown buildings closed to the public, which eliminated warm, dry, indoor walking routes providing shortcuts through full city blocks, but the Marquette Building did not.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building features several distinct elements that have earned it honors as a Chicago Landmark, a National Historic Landmark, and a National Register Historic Place. It is considered an exemplary model of the Chicago School of Architecture. These are large panes of glass flanked by narrow sash windows. The grid-like window frames and spandrels are facilitated by the steel structure which enables non-load-bearing masonry walls. This was one of the first steel framed skyscrapers. Wave-like moldings decorate the façade, which is made of horizontally banded brown terra cotta. The building is constructed around a central light court and features an ornate, two-story lobby.</p><br>
<p>The ensemble of mosaics, sculptures, and bronze of the Marquette Building entry and interior honors Jacques Marquette’s 1674-5 expedition. Four bas relief panels over the main entrance by sculptor Hermon Atkins MacNeil show different scenes from Marquettes trip through the Great Lakes region, ending with one depicting his burial. The revolving door panels feature carvings of panthers heads. The hexagonal railing around the lobby atrium is decorated with a mosaic frieze by the Tiffany studio depicting events in the life of Jacques Marquette, his exploration of Illinois, and Native Americans he met. The mosaics are by Louis Comfort Tiffany and his chief designer and art director, Jacob Adolph Holzer; they contain panels of lustered Tiffany glass, mother-of-pearl, and semi-precious stones.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration</h2><br>
<p>The preservation of this building was championed by the Landmarks Preservation Council of Illinois. In 2001, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, its current owners, began a multi-year renovation. The restoration to the exterior proceeded in two phases: reconstructing the cornice and replacing the 17th story windows to match the original windows; and cleaning and restoring the masonry and restoring the remainder of the windows. Restoration architect Thomas "Gunny" Harboe directed this work.</p><br>
<p>On September 12, 2006, The Commission on Chicago Landmarks honored 21 landmark buildings, homeowners, and businesses with the Chicago Landmark Award for Preservation Excellence at the eighth-annual Landmarks ceremony. The award recognizes work involving notable improvements to individual Chicago landmarks or to buildings within Chicago Landmark Districts.</p><br>
<p>On October 16, 2007, the Foundation opened a new interactive audio visual exhibit on the first floor, detailing the history of the building and its contribution to Chicago architecture. The free exhibit, which is open to the public, will run indefinitely.</p><br>
<p>Beauregard Town, also known as Beauregard Town Historic District, is a historic district in downtown Baton Rouge, Louisiana, anchored by Government Street. The historic district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. Its boundaries were increased twice in 1983, and once more in 1999.</p><br>
<p>Beauregard Town was commissioned in 1806 by Elias Beauregard. It is the second-oldest neighborhood in Baton Rouge (after Spanish Town) and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Beauregard Town is the area bounded by North Blvd., South Blvd, East Blvd., and on the west by St. Louis Street. Government Street (or the "Grand Rue" as Beauregard wanted it) runs through the middle of Beauregard Town, with four streets &mdash; Beauregard, Grandpre, Penalvert, and Somerulos &mdash; approaching it on diagonal angles in the form of an "X," typical of the European manner of town design at the time.</p><br>
<p>Those streets are named for Beauregard himself, for Don Carlos Louis Boucher de Grand Pré (the Spanish administrator in 1806), for Roman Catholic Bishop Luis de Penalver (the bishop in 1806), and for the Marquis de Someruelos, Captain-General of Cuba. Beauregard named other streets after rulers: Philip, Louis, Ferdinand, Charles, Napoleon, and Maximilian (several of these namesakes became saints through later translation error). Other streets Beauregard named after countries and continents: Spain, France, America, and Europe.</p><br>
<p>Historic homes in Beauregard Town include the Governor Henry L. Fuqua House (circa 1834) and the Williams House (circa 1890), both on Napoleon Street, as well as the Judge Robert D. Beale House (circa 1840) on the corner of St. Louis and Government streets. It includes the Old Louisiana Governor&#39;s Mansion, separately listed on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>The first 1983 increase added the privately owned Levy Hay Warehouse, built in 1920, on Front St. The second 1983 increase added the state-owned Armour Building, built in 1929, on Mayflower St.</p><br>
<p>The 2000 increase added state-owned houses of Bungalow/Craftsman and Queen Anne architecture. Today, many of the homes have been renovated and are used as law offices.</p><br>
<p>Nydri  is a town and a community on the eastern coast of the island of Lefkada, Greece. It is part of the municipal unit Ellomenos. The community includes the small village Rachi. The Greek National Road 42  - Amfilochia) passes through the town. Nydri is a popular tourist town. In the sea in front of Nydri are several small islands including Madouri, Skorpios, Skorpidi and Sparti. The island Skorpios is the property of the Ribolovlev family.</p><br>
<p>The German archaeologist Wilhelm Dörpfeld, having examined the geographical descriptions of Homer in the Iliad and the Odyssey believed that Lefkada was Homer&#39;s Ithaca, and that the palace of Odysseus was located west of Nydri on the south coast of Lefkada. He performed extensive excavations at Nydri and uncovered Mycenaean tombs, walls, ruins and artefacts which supported his hypothesis. Dörpfeld spent the last years of his life at Nydri and he is buried there.</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<p>Rapid River is a 6.0 mi river in the northwestern portion of the US state of Maine flowing from Lower Richardson Lake to Umbagog Lake. Despite its short length, it forms the end of a major portion of the Umbagog Lake and Androscoggin River watersheds. Much of this watershed is covered by  Lower and Upper Richardson Lakes, Mooselookmeguntic Lake, Cupsuptic Lake and Rangeley Lake. The major tributaries of this system are the Cupsuptic, Kennebago and Rangeley rivers, all of which flow into Cupsuptic Lake.</p><br>
<p>True to its name, Rapid River contains class III–IV rapids for most of its length, including some good spots for playboating and riverboarding. Note that locals omit the word "the" when referring to the river. For example, "I went kayaking on Rapid River" not "I went kayaking on the Rapid River."</p><br>
<p>The United States Coast Guard Yard or just Coast Guard Yard is a United States Coast Guard operated shipyard located on Curtis Bay in northern Anne Arundel County, Maryland, just south of the Baltimore city limits. It is the Coast Guards sole shipbuilding and major repair facility, and part of the Coast Guards core industrial base and fleet support operations. Its annual budget is $88 million.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>For over a century, the United States Coast Guard Yard has built, repaired and renovated ships in Baltimore, Maryland, for the U. S. Coast Guard. It is the service&#39;s sole shipbuilding and major repair facility.</p><br>
<p>The Coast Guard Yard celebrated its centennial in 1999 and recognized the shipyards outstanding "Service to the Fleet" since being founded on the shores of Arundel Cove off of Curtis Creek and Curtis Bay in south Baltimore and neighboring northern Anne Arundel County in April, 1899. The yards centennial celebration in 1999 focused customer attention on the shipyards continued commitment to maritime excellence, honored the yards past and present work force and sought public recognition of the accomplishment and goals of the Coast Guard&#39;s only shipyard.</p><br>
<h3>1899-1909</h3><br>
<p>In April, 1899, the former United States Revenue Cutter Service (RCS) leased 36 acre of farmland surrounding Arundel Cove on the northeast shore of Curtis Creek, south of the cove Curtis Bay, in what was then northern Anne Arundel County, Maryland, just south of the Patapsco River and Baltimore Harbor. Two months later, Lieutenant John C. Moore, USRCS, arrived aboard the side-wheeler steamboat "" to begin establishment a shipyard. Lieutenant Moore set up four small buildings including a lumber mill. The following year saw the arrival of the "USRC Salmon P. Chase", a training ship for the RCS (named for the former Ohio governor, USA Senator, Secretary of the Treasury under 16th President Abraham Lincoln and Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase, 1808-1873). The crew set up permanent quarters, marking also the beginning of the United States Coast Guard Academy. Five years later, in 1905,</p><br>
<p>the USA Congress authorized the purchase of the land on which the depots sat and with additional surrounding properties ending the previous leasing arrangements.</p><br>
<p>Throughout its first decade, the depot repaired many lifesaving boats, constructed a variety of small boats, conducted overhauls and painted RCS cutters.</p><br>
<h3>1909-1919</h3><br>
<p>The depot&#39;s facilities were consistently improved upon during the 1910s. New construction included a boiler and pump house, a foundry, boat, sheetmetal, electrical, paint, upholstery and blacksmith shops, new mess halls, barracks, garages, recreation building and storage structures. In 1915, when the Revenue Cutter Service and Lifesaving Service combined to form the U. S. Coast Guard, the depot was selected as the site to train surfmen in the care and operation of gasoline engines. The engine school was housed in a shed along the west depot boundary.</p><br>
<h3>1919-1929</h3><br>
<p>During the 1920s, production of boats, canvas work and numerous other articles for the needs of the service were stepped up. Extensive overhauls and repairs were performed on the then-modern vessels Yamacraw, Seneca, Seminole and many 100, 125 patrol boats and tugs. The 500 workers of the depot included civilian employees along with enlisted men. In 1928, there were 245 wage board and 2 classified employees on the civilian payrolls. The military complement was 250. The work load was flexible, increasing considerably in the summer months and decreasing in the winter months. Its small boats were famed throughout the world, wherever lifesaving stations were located or cutters patrolled the seas. The depot&#39;s production was excellent.</p><br>
<h3>1929-1939</h3><br>
<p>By the 1930s, many of the original buildings and equipment at the depot had become outdated. A new boat, gas engine and machine shops were built and a 40-ton marine railway was installed. With the transfer of the United States Lighthouse Service of the Department of Commerce to the coast guard in 1939, buoy construction became another major depot function.</p><br>
<h3>1939-1949</h3><br>
<p>With the advent of World War II, the depot underwent extensive expansion. Improvements included a 3000-ton floating drydock, 2 shipways and a 320 x 60 concrete pier with tower crane. The depot, now comparable in size and functions to a medium-size navy shipyard, was officially designated the U. S. Coast Guard Yard. Work involved repair of vessels including submarines, buoy manufacturing, production of canvas work for the coast guard and building over 300 small wooden boats annually. Additional work included the construction of the largest cutters ever built at the yard - the 255 cutters Mendota and Pontchartrain. The yard employed 3100 civilian workers during World War II. Beside the assigned military complement, the coast guards war-time training station or boot camp added to the number of personnel at the yard.</p><br>
<h3>1949-1959</h3><br>
<p>As the yard reduced its work force to fit the services post war needs, vessel overhaul, gun repair work, buoy construction and miscellaneous manufacturing made up much of the yards work load. The 1950s saw the construction of three hundred 40 steel lifesaving patrol boats, the coast guard lightships San Francisco and Ambrose and small craft like the 368" motor lifeboats. In February, 1953, the first of the 95 steel patrol boats was launched at the yard. In total, fifty-eight 95-footers were built for the coast guard and the navy throughout the 1950s and early-1960s. The yard continued to perfect its reputation for the overhaul of aging coast guard and navy ships. Such cutters were the Chilula, Avoyel, Dexter, and Commanche. In March, 1958, the Coast Guard Cutter Azalea, a 100 buoy tender, was launched at the yard.</p><br>
<h3>1959-1969</h3><br>
<p>The yard continued to prosper during the 1960s. The first of 53 cutters built at the yard under the 82 patrol boat program was launched in February, 1960. During the Vietnam War, 26 of the yard-built 82-footers served with distinction assigned to Coast Guard Squadron One. In April, 1962, the prototype of the 44 steel self-righting motor lifeboats (MLB) was launched. One of these was later built for the Royal National Lifeboat Institution in the United Kingdom as the prototype for their. During the next 10 years, the yard built 110 44 MLBs. In May, 1965, the yard sent its first 210 USCG Medium Endurance Cutter down the shipways, USCGC Confidence (WMEC-619). The 210 Cutters Confidence, Resolute, Durable, Decisive and Alert were constructed by the skilled hands of the yard. During the 1960s and into the early-1970s, the yard constructed five 157 buoy tenders - the Red Wood, Red Beech, Red Birch, Red Cedar and Red Oak. Construction began on the Red Cedar in July, 1969. On the small boat constructions side of production during the 60s, the yard built 206 258" fiberglass motor surfboats.</p><br>
<h3>1969-1979</h3><br>
<p>The 1970s engaged the yard in a flurry of activity. The trades continued the manufacturing of the coast guards lighted buoys, a program which began at the yard during the Second World War. Constructed in an assembly-line mode, lighted reflector buoys - large, steel buoys used for around-the-clock aids-to-navigation and lighted ice buoys used for heavy ice conditions were manufactured at the yard. Begun in 1975, the yard became the sole source for overhaul of the coast guards 5" 38 caliber gun mount. The 5" gun mounts were used on the services 378 cutters. In 1971, the yard completed construction of a prototype 41 utility boat (UTB) which had an aluminum hull and fiberglass superstructure. The yard-built boat was adopted and from 1973 through the early-1980s, the yard constructed 207 41 UTBs. The craft is well known to recreational and commercial boaters throughout the United States and is used primarily for search and rescue. The yard had a proven record for the design of experimental maritime projects. The construction of the prototype Stable Semi-Submerged Platform, or SSP, was the highlight of the 1970s. The SSP Kailmalino used the SWATH concept - Small Waterplane Area Twin Hull. The craft operated successfully for many years in the Hawaiian Islands. In 1974, the yard laid the keel for a 160 single unit construction tender, the CGC Pamlico. Throughout the remainder of the decade, 3 more 160 construction tenders were built at the Yard: the CGC Hudson, CGC Kennebec, and CGC Saginaw. From the late-1970s into the early-1980s, the yard renovated sixteen 95 patrol boats. Built at the yard in the 1950s, the cutters were in need of modernization or repair.</p><br>
<h3>1979-1989</h3><br>
<p>Entering the 1980s, the yard constructed a prototype oil skimmer used to clean up oil spills. The Zero Relative Velocity Skimmer, ZRV, represented the best available technology in the coast guards field of fast current pollution control research. The first of the new 270 medium endurance cutters, the Bear, arrived at the yard in 1983 to begin post-construction and electronics work. The yard accomplished a retrofit on 12 additional 270 cutters throughout the 1980s. Beginning in 1984, the yard began the Service Life Extension Program (SLEP) for nine 180 buoy tenders in the Coast Guard fleet. From the mid-1980s through the early-1990s, the cutters Sorrrel, Gentian, Cowslip, Conifer, Madrona, Laurel, Papaw, Sweetgun and Buttonwood. received mid-life overhauls and given an anticipated 20 additional years of service life as a result of the yards renovation. In 1984, the yard recommissioned the first 210 medium endurance cutter under the Coast Guards Major Maintenance Availability Program (MMA). The cutters Active, USCGC Confidence and Reliance received their upgrades during the 1980s. Eleven more vessels would undergo renovation throughout the 1990s before the program came to a close. The yards overhaul gave each MMA cutter an anticipated additional 15 years of service life. In 1985, the yard completed a major renovation of a ferryboat for coast guard use at Governors Island, New York. The Kulshan, a 30-year-old vessel bought by the Coast Guard from the State of Washingtons ferry system, was renamed the Governor following renovation at the yard. As the 1980s came to a close, the coast guard tasked the yard with construction of 6 river barges for Coast Guard use on the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers. The project was transferred to the yard when the awarded private contractor filed for bankruptcy prior to contract completion.</p><br>
<p>In 1983, the USA Coast Guard Yard at Curtis Bay was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h3>1989-1999</h3><br>
<p>After completing an extensive, four-year repair project on the Coast Guard Cutter Barque Eagle in the 1980s, the cutter returned to the yard in 1995 and 1998 for repair availabilities. The yard is building an anticipated 26 small aids-to-navigation workboats, the 49 BUSLs, through the year 2000. The first BUSL was launched in August, 1997. The yard completed the 210 Major Maintenance Availability Program in October, 1998, with the recommissioning of the cutter Decisive. Fourteen of the coast guards 210 cutters underwent, respectively, an 18-month, $21 million renovation at the yard since the program began in 1984. With the dedication of the new $18 million shiplift in November, 1997, the yard increased its capability to accommodate repairs of coast guard vessels. The land-based shiphandling facility replaced the yards nearly 60-year-old drydocks. It is environmentally-friendly and offers lower maintenance costs. The yard is the sole source for major repair of naval weapons systems used by the Coast Guard. Topping the list is the repair of the MK 75 76 mm guns and includes a contract with the Naval Sea Systems Command for the overhaul of the Saudi Arabian MK 75 weapons systems. The yard expanded its market base in the mid-1990s to include the overhaul of the Paxman engine, the main propulsion engine in the 110 patrol boat. The work is considered a primary example of core work for the shipyard. The yard has excelled in its capability to bring its expertise to the customer rather than the customer coming into the yard for service. The yard has built a celebrated reputation for taking its skills "on-the-road" to the coast guard fleet worldwide. The yard became the first organization in the United States government to achieve ISO 9001 certification in 1995 and ISO 9001 recertification in 1998. ISO 9001 is a set of internationally recognized standards for quality management systems.</p><br>
<p>The Old Stone Church, built in 1891 to replace the Baptist Church that burned, is an historic building in West Boylston, Massachusetts. On April 13, 1973, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the 19th century, the Quinapoxet River joined the Stillwater River to become the southern branch of the Nashua River in the town of West Boylston. Just to the east of the confluence of these rivers was constructed a magnificent stone church.</p><br>
<p>From 1896 through 1905 West Boylston endured the building of the Wachusett Reservoir and the destruction of its mills and farms. When the Wachusett Reservoir was completed, this impressive Old Stone Church remained standing as the last remnant of the town which was once in the valley, but was now flooded by the new reservoir.</p><br>
<p>The predecessor of the Old Stone Church was the second house of worship for the Baptist Society in West Boylston, dedicated on December 6, 1832.</p><br>
<p>The church and its neighboring church, Saint Anthony&#39;s Roman Catholic Church, were destroyed by a fire on May 2, 1890.</p><br>
<p>The present Old Stone Church was built on the same site and was scheduled for dedication on March 17, 1892, but a fire again badly damaged the interior of the church and the dedication was postponed until May 19, 1892.</p><br>
<p>In June 1897, the Metropolitan Water Board awarded the Baptist Society $22,500 for the loss of the church for the construction of the reservoir. The last Baptist service was held in April 1902.</p><br>
<p>On April 13, 1973, the Old Stone Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>On June 27, 1974, the State awarded $87,000 for reinforcing the roof and walls of the church building. The following month, the church roof and three walls collapsed requiring rebuilding which was completed in the Spring of 1977.</p><br>
<p>On September 25, 1983, on the occasion of the year of the 175th Anniversary of the Incorporation of the Town of West Boylston, the Rededication of the Old Stone Church was held.</p><br>
<p>Mount Passaconaway is a mountain in the Sandwich Range Wilderness of the White Mountain National Forest near the eastern boundary of Waterville Valley. It is named after Passaconaway, a 16th-century sachem of the Pennacook tribe, whose name was also attached to a small village in Albany, where the northern trailhead is now located.</p><br>
<p>It is ranked 42nd in elevation on the list of 48 White Mountains four-thousand footers. On the original 1931 list of 4000-footers, it was ranked 26th, with an elevation of 4,116 feet, although the 1931 topographic map shows it as 4,060 feet. The 1987 USGS topographic map indicates it is 4,043, while the elevation recorded in the USGS Geographic Names Information System is 4,019 ft.</p><br>
<p>The thickly wooded, unmarked summit may be approached from trailheads to the north (on the Kancamagus Highway) or from Wonalancet to the south. Old maps show a "Passaconaway Lodge" or "shelter" on the southeast aspect of the mountain, and the 4,000-footer guidebook mentions that it was built in 1891. It was rebuilt several times, evolving into the Wonalancet Out Door Club&#39;s Camp Rich. After its collapse in 2000 it was removed, consistent with Wilderness regulations.</p><br>
<p>Montara Mountain, positioned between the unincorporated community of Montara, California to the southwest and the city of Pacifica, California to the north, forms the northern spur of the Santa Cruz Mountains, a narrow mountain range running the length of the San Francisco Peninsula that separates San Francisco Bay from the Pacific Ocean. Its highest point rises to 1,898 ft</p><br>
<p>Due in part to its biologically isolated location near the end of a peninsula, the mountain has an extensive and unique biodiversity, especially on the serpentine soils of the lower slopes. A number of plant endangered species are found on this mountain, including Hickman&#39;s potentilla and San Mateo thornmint, Acanthomintha duttonii. The rare endemic manzanita Arctostaphylos montaraensis was named for this mountain.</p><br>
<p>On occasions light snow has dusted the summit. On clear days the summit has views of much of the San Francisco Bay Area. Denniston Creek, Arroyo de en Medio and San Pedro Creek rise on Montara Mountain. The steelhead population in San Pedro Creek is within the Central California Coast Steelhead distinct population segment and is listed at threatened (2011). Brooks Creek, a tributary of San Pedro Creek originates on the north face of the mountain and forms a tall thin waterfall, Brooks Falls, which is the tallest in San Mateo County at 207 feet.</p><br>
<p>Historic Crossings of Montara Mountain include the Spanish Explorer Gaspar de Portolà in October 1769, traveling along the prehistoric Indian Trail which traverses the ridgeline between Willow Brook Estates towards Saddle Pass following the high ridgeline above Green Valley and winding down towards Martini Creek. Remnants of this trail remain visible today. During the Mexican Rancho era, a road known as Camino Pedro Cuesta also traversed Saddle Pass and connected the Sanchez Adobe in Rancho San Pedro in San Pedro Valley with Rancho Corral de Tierra Palomares in Montara. Following the Mexican–American War of 1848, this routing was known as "Road Trail" and was considered to be nearly impassable to wheeled vehicles. In 1879 this steep and rutted Road Trail crossing of Montara Mountain was replaced by the marginally improved road known as the Half Moon Bay - Colma Road, which included road grades of 24%. This road which routed closer to the ocean and Devil&#39;s Slide terminated in Shamrock Ranch and persisted until 1915.</p><br>
<p>Eakins Oval is a traffic circle in Philadelphia. It forms the northwest end of the Benjamin Franklin Parkway just in front of the Philadelphia Museum of Art, with a central array of fountains and monuments, and a network of pedestrian walkways.</p><br>
<p>This loop of road usually carries a large volume of traffic, as it connects the core of the city with Fairmount Park, Kelly Drive (formerly East River Drive), and Martin Luther King, Jr. Drive (formerly West River Drive). During parades and other major municipal events such as the Thanksgiving Day Parade, and large concerts such as Live 8 Philadelphia and the Budweiser Made in America Festival, the roadways are shut down to automobile traffic and the oval becomes center stage for the gathering. Eakins Oval was the site of the stage for the 2017 NFL Draft.</p><br>
<p>The oval was part of urban planner Jacques Gréber&#39;s design for the Benjamin Franklin Parkway, which he proposed in 1917.</p><br>
<p>The oval is named for Thomas Eakins, Philadelphian, world-famous realist painter, and fine arts educator.</p><br>
<p>The southeastern part of the oval serves as a parking lot; it was originally part of the Parkway until traffic modifications isolated it in the 1960s.</p><br>
<h2>The Washington Monument</h2><br>
<p>Just inside the northwest edge of Eakins Oval, in front of the Philadelphia Museum of Art stairs, stands the Washington Monument fountain. It was commissioned and designed by sculptor Rudolf Siemering. The sculpture was dedicated in 1897 at the Green Street entrance to Fairmount Park. It was moved in 1928 to its present location after construction on the parkway was completed. In 1997, work to restore the statue began under the direction of Margo Berg of the Philadelphia Art Commission. Over the years, the sculpture had come loose from its base, and the fountain had ceased to function properly. The restoration was completed in June of the same year, 100 years after it was dedicated.</p><br>
<p>The bronze and granite sculpture features a uniformed George Washington mounted on a horse. Washington and his horse are poised on top of the fountain, facing southeast down the Benjamin Franklin Parkway towards Philadelphia City Hall. The face of the sculpture was made from an impression of the former president made while he was still alive. The body was actually of a Prussian General. The lowest level of the monument features Native Americans and animals that are native to the United States.</p><br>
<h2>Other fountains</h2><br>
<p>The Washington Monument fountain is flanked by two smaller fountains, honoring Eli Kirk Price II and John Ericsson.</p><br>
<h2>Transportation tunnels</h2><br>
<p>Beneath Eakins Oval and the surrounding area run two tunnels, originally for rail traffic, and constructed in the 1920s at the same time as the Oval, the Parkway, and the Art Museum. The lower tunnel, built for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, is owned by successor CSX and carries freight trains on a single track (originally double). The upper tunnel carried streetcars on the Spring Garden Street line (Route 43) of Philadelphia Rapid Transit (PRT) and successor Philadelphia Transportation Company (PTC) until 1956. This double-track tunnel was then completely rebuilt in 1960 to carry two lanes of one-way (westbound only) traffic on Spring Garden from Pennsylvania Avenue to the Spring Garden Street Bridge over the Schuylkill River; currently only one lane is in use. This tunnel crosses above the CSX tunnel in the middle. Today&#39;s Route 43 buses, operated by SEPTA, circle the Oval and do not use the tunnel.</p><br>
<p>The Kintner-McGrain House, also known as Cedar Glade, is on the National Register of Historic Places, located north of downtown Corydon, Indiana. It attained the "Cedar Glade" name due to the giant red cedars Jacob Kinter, the builder, planted in front of the house. It has been owned by three different families: Kintners , McGrains, and Bennetts . It is the second-oldest building in Harrison County, Indiana. It was built in 1808, and is a Late Federal/Early Republic Style, "L"-shaped, brick dwelling. During John Hunt Morgan&#39;s raid in 1863, noncombatants took refuge in the house. Ironically, several cannonballs landed in the front yard. Until 1946 it was a working farm.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Lake Utopia is located in eastern Charlotte County, New Brunswick.</p><br>
<p>The southern shore of the lake is one kilometer northeast of the town of St. George. The lake is connected to the Magaguadavic River by the second deepest natural canal in the world.</p><br>
<p>Lake Utopia is a popular recreation destination for eastern Charlotte County with swimming, boating and fishing being popular among year-round residents and cottage-goers. Fish in the lake include smallmouth bass, trout, perch and river eels.</p><br>
<p>Lake Utopia is approximately 7 kilometers long and between 0.8 and 2.8 kilometers in width. The lake level varies throughout the year, as more or less water is allowed through a hydroelectric dam on the Maguadavic River in St. George. The lake is surrounded by mixed Acadian forest and its shoreline is dotted by both rustic camps and large summer homes.</p><br>
<p>Canal Beach is the major swimming destination on the lake&#39;s western shore. It occupies a 0.5 kilometer stretch of shoreline and is beautiful natural sand.</p><br>
<p>Immediately north of Canal Beach is the natural canal which connects the lake to the Magaguadavic River. Canal Beach is equipped with a beach volleyball court, a playground, a canteen, washrooms and changing rooms.</p><br>
<p>On the eastern shore of the lake is a smaller, less popular swimming location called Scouts Beach (named after a Scouts Canada camp at that location). Scouts Beach is known locally as a "party spot" and the beach is host to two or three large gatherings every summer.</p><br>
<h2>Lake monster</h2><br>
<p>Local legend has it that the Lake is inhabited by a sea monster known as the Lake Utopia Lake Monster. The story goes that long ago two Maliseet Natives were canoeing on the lake when suddenly the monster appeared and chased them from one end to the other. Since the arrival of Europeans to the area in the late 18th century, the story has continued, with new sightings being reported every three-five years.</p><br>
<p>As noted in research by cryptozoologist Loren Coleman, the locals have called this cryptid "Old Ned." It has a decidedly long and bulky cetacean appearance, and may be representative of an unknown group of animals that travel back and forth between Lake Utopia and the Atlantic Ocean in routine cycles related to breeding and feeding.</p><br>
<p>Sightings:</p><br>
<p>1867 - Sawmill workers claim to see something 30 ft long and 10 ft wide thrashing in the lake. Similar reports the following days.</p><br>
<p>1868 - A Saint Croix Courier reporter says he and one other witness saw the monster.</p><br>
<p>1872 - Natives describe a terrifying monster with a large head and bloody jaws following their canoes.</p><br>
<p>1891 - William Francis Ganong records in his notebook a description of a monster provided by a lumberman who claimed to have seen it 20 years prior. "It was dark red in colour, the part showing above the water was 20 feet long and as big around as a small hogshead; it was much like a large eel."</p><br>
<p>1969 - The Saint John Evening Times Globe reports on an interview with Mrs. Fred McKillop, who said she saw a huge creature 18 years earlier. "It looked like a huge black rock... It moved up and down the lake, boiling and churning the water, making great waves."</p><br>
<p>1982 - Sherman Hatt says he and his family saw a large creature that looked like a submarine with spray coming from both sides and a hump out of the water about 10 ft long.</p><br>
<p>1996 - Roger and Lois Wilcox were canoeing on the lake when they saw ripples break the placid surface 100 metres away from them. It was heading toward Cannonball Island, a common monster sighting spot. Wilcox reports the monster as being 40 to 50 ft long, undulating upward, not sideways.</p><br>
<p>Yan Yean Reservoir is the oldest water supply for the city of Melbourne, Australia.</p><br>
<p>At the time of its completion in 1857 it was the largest artificial reservoir in the world. It is 30 km north of the city and is built on the Plenty River, a tributary of the Yarra River. An embankment 9.5 m high holds back 30,000 ML of water. As of April 21, 2016 the reservoir sits at 78.8% of capacity.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir is managed by Melbourne Water as part of the water supply system for Melbourne.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Work commenced on 20 December 1853 when Governor Charles La Trobe turned the first sod. Construction took place at the height of the gold rush employing a tent city of 1000 workers returning from the goldfields. The reservoir took four years to construct at a cost of £750,000. Other sources estimate the cost of the project to be £1,017,087.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir was designed by James Blackburn, an English Civil Engineer and former London sanitary inspector who was transported to Tasmania as a convict following charges of embezzlement. After being pardoned he came to Melbourne in 1849.</p><br>
<p>The water was originally supplied by the Plenty River however the water quality was poor due to stock crossings and pollution from rural towns. The problem was solved by bypassing the Plenty River and diverting water from Wallaby Creek and Silver Creek, both originating in the Great Dividing Range feeding the Goulburn River. This mountain water was captured in the Toorourrong Reservoir system, constructed in 1883&ndash;1885, and supplies water to Yan Yean via an aqueduct to this day.</p><br>
<p>At the time of its completion in 1857 it was the largest artificial reservoir in the world. Photographer Fred Kruger was commissioned by the government to provide images of the extensive works for display at the Colonial and Indian Exhibition of 1886.</p><br>
<h2>Recreational Facilities</h2><br>
<p>Yan Yean Reservoir Park offers picnic areas, bbq facilities, walking tracks and views of the reservoir and surrounding mountains. The wetlands are used by birdwatchers. Species include Musk Duck, Australasian Grebe, Great Crested Grebe, White-faced Heron, Dusky Moorhen, Eurasian Coot, Latham’s Snipe, Musk Lorikeet, Eastern Rosella, Superb Fairy-wren, Red Wattlebird, Grey Butcherbird and Grey Fantail.</p><br>
<p>Glenlyon Dam, also known as Pike Creek Reservoir, is in Queensland near the border with New South Wales, roughly between Stanthorpe and Texas to the west. In 1976, the dam wall was built on Pike Creek, a tributary of the Dumaresq River, 5 km upstream from the confluence of the Mole River and Severn River branching from the Dumaresq.</p><br>
<p>Glenlyon Dam provides water for irrigation of grain and fodder crops. It is managed by SunWater. Swimming, fishing, boating and water skiing are all permitted, with no restrictions on boating except near the dam wall. Two boat ramps facilitate access for boating. In the upper reaches of feeder creeks there a large areas of standing timber and submerged logs.</p><br>
<p>In mid-1994, the dam was at a critically low level of 5% and the next year rose to just 12% of capacity during a series of droughts in Australia.</p><br>
<h2>Fishing</h2><br>
<p>The dam is stocked with golden perch, murray cod and silver perch while spangled perch, bony bream and eel-tailed catfish breed naturally. A Stocked Impoundment Permit is required to fish in the dam.</p><br>
<p>The Landes forest  or the Landes of Gascony , in the historic Gascony natural region of southwestern France now known as Aquitaine, is the largest maritime-pine forest in Europe. The French word, landes and Gascon lanas, mean moors or heaths.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The forest (also known as the moors of Gascony, and formerly, the moors of Bordeaux) covers a large portion of Landes and Gironde, two of the departments of France; it also spills over into parts of the Lot-et-Garonne department. The sources of several rivers can be found in this region, including the sources of the Leyre, the Boudigau, the Ciron, and the Gat Mort. The largest towns within the forest are Arcachon, Dax, and Mont-de-Marsan.</p><br>
<h2>Origin as a pine plantation</h2><br>
<p>The forest is composed mostly of maritime pine, Pinus pinaster. Unlike many other European forests, the Landes forest is almost entirely created and managed by man for industrial purposes. This massive pine plantation was started in the 18th century in the Pays de Buch area of Gironde, to halt erosion and cleanse the soil.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Most of the region now occupied by the Landes forest was swampy land that was sparsely inhabited until the 19th century, when the 19 June 1857 law ended traditional pastoralism and led to wide scale reforestation, in order to rehabilitate the landscape and provide for regional economic development. Prior to this period, the people of the Landes used stilt-walking to move from place to place in the wet terrain. Since the 1970s, parts of the forest have given way to intensive agriculture (in particular, grain farming.)</p><br>
<p>The area of the forest is estimated to be around 10,000 km&sup2, of which nine-tenths is exclusively devoted to a monoculture of maritime pines (Pinus pinaster), but, in the centre of this pinhadar (pine plantation in the Gascon dialect of Occitan), there is a natural forest that survives from the post-glacial timbering of this part of southwestern France. There, pines co-exist with other species, chiefly oak, alder, birch, willow, and holly. This mixed temperate forest is most commonly found along watercourses, where the drainage is particularly good. The old-growth forest was probably more extensive prior to the Middle Ages, when a colder, more humid, climate took hold and changed the species composition. Because of the need for wood for fuel and construction, and because of a steady expansion in the grazing of sheep, the aboriginal forest was further depleted between the 15th and 18th centuries.</p><br>
<p>A major storm in January 2009 damaged approximately 300,000 hectare of forest, 90% of which was located in the Landes Forest.</p><br>
<h2>Agriculture and industry</h2><br>
<p>Before the mid-19th century, only the breeding of sheep on the moors (and the production of sheep manure as a soil amendment) allowed the cultivation of rye. Because of wet winters, it was necessary to top-dress the land with thatch to preserve it for the next growing season. The disappearance of the moors, because of the expansion of the pine plantations, brought about the end of this herding and wetland grain-growing culture, and the iconic image of shepherds on stilts disappeared as well. The shepherd image was replaced by the image of the resin-collector with his tools.</p><br>
<p>In the first part of the 20th century, extensive commercial exploitation of wood, paper, and pine resin began, and these industries became an important part of the regional economy. Many local people are still employed in forest-related pursuits, including forestry, sawmills, paper mills, woodcrafts like parquetry and joinery and furniture making, as well the fabrication of paper-based products like cardboard and fiberboard for construction. However, resin-collecting, which required hard labor, has almost completely disappeared because modern chemical processes for producing solvents and other useful chemicals often do not rely on pine resin or pine tar as a precursor. DRT is the largest company in this region that uses the byproducts of pine exploitation.</p><br>
<p>The Pascua River is a river located in the Aysén del General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo Region of Chile. In spite of being a short river, its drainage basin is the seventh-largest in the country due to the great size of the O&#39;Higgins/San Martín Lake, its source.</p><br>
<p>The Pascua River was discovered in 1898 by the German Hans Steffen, during the exploration of the area near Christmas time (Pascua means Easter but is frequently used to describe Christmas in Chilean Spanish, thus explaining the origin of its name). The river has its source in the northern part of the north-west arm of the lake O&#39;Higgins in the form of a small stream, in an area surrounded by steep-sided mountains that reach over 1,000 meters with glaciers spilling down to the lake or to the river.</p><br>
<p>The river flows quickly forming rapids until to create a cascade in the place where it falls into the Chico Lake. After leaving this lake, the river forms a new cascade and rushes furiously, preventing any type of navigation on its waters. Then the river is joined by the "Quiroz River" from the left, whose origin is the glacier of the same name, increasing its width in a valley of about 10 kilometers wide, which allows the development of large meanders and some marshy and peaty zones.</p><br>
<p>After 62 km, the Pascua River ends in a wide delta that empties into the Baker Channel, previously having rushed in a last area of rapids.</p><br>
<p>Due to its hydrographic conditions, the Pascua River has a hydroelectric potential of great importance. There exists a controversial Endesa project to construct two massive power dams on the course of the river, but the proposal has generated immediate opposition from a great part of the population and in the government authorities, due to the serious ecological damage that would cause in the zone.</p><br>
<p>The Hull-Rust-Mahoning Mine in Hibbing, Minnesota, United States, is one of the largest open pit iron mines in the world, with a 1.5-by-3.5-mile footprint and depths up to 600 feet. The mine, located in the Mesabi Range, supplied as much as one-fourth of all the iron ore mined in the United States during its peak production during World War I and World War II.</p><br>
<p>This area of the Mesabi Range was explored in 1893–94, shortly after the Mountain Iron mine was established in 1892. The early development was as an underground mine, but open pit mining soon proved to be a better choice because the ore deposits were shallowly buried. The many smaller open pit mines developed in the area soon merged into one large mine. Between 1919 and 1921, the entire town of Hibbing was moved to accommodate the mine&#39;s expansion. At a cost of $16 million, 185 houses and 20 businesses were moved, with some of the larger buildings cut in half for the move. Only a few uninhabited remnants of the original townsite are left, near an observational lookout at the edge of the mine.</p><br>
<p>Over 519 million tons of waste material and 690 million tons of iron ore have been removed from the mine area since ore shipments began in 1895. The mine was listed as a National Historic Landmark, and added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 13, 1966.</p><br>
<p>The mine is still operated today by the Hibbing Taconite Company, and iron ore "taconite" pellets are produced at the rate of 8.2 million tons annually (not counting tailings, waste rock, or overburden).</p><br>
<p>Sycamore Canyon is the second largest canyon in the Arizona redrock country, after Oak Creek Canyon. The 21 mi long scenic canyon reaches a maximum width of about 7 mi. It is in North Central Arizona below the Mogollon Rim west and northwest of Sedona in Yavapai and Coconino counties.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Sycamore Creek, a tributary of the Verde River, flows though the canyon. Sycamore Canyon enters the Verde River canyon 6.5 mi north-northwest of Clarkdale.</p><br>
<p>Located within three different USA National Forests, the Coconino, Kaibab, and Prescott National Forests, Sycamore Canyon is home to a variety of wildlife including black bear, deer, and mountain lion. Unlike the nearby and more heavily visited Oak Creek Canyon, much of Sycamore Canyon is protected by the 56,000 acre Sycamore Canyon Wilderness, located at 35.05&deg;N latitude, 111.96&deg;W longitude, and therefore roads and developed campgrounds are nonexistent. Hiking and horseback riding are the only ways to visit the canyon. The most popular access is via the Parsons Spring trail, upriver from Tuzigoot National Monument. A high clearance vehicle is helpful to reach the trailhead.</p><br>
<p>Sycamore Canyon is one of the oldest designated Wilderness Areas in Arizona, originally being a Forest Service "Primitive Area" prior to the Wilderness Act of 1964.</p><br>
<p>Sunday River Whitecap is a 3,335 ft mountain located in Oxford County, Maine, United States. It is flanked to the west by Slide Mountain, and to the southeast by Stowe Mountain.</p><br>
<p>Sunday River Whitecap is within the watershed of the Androscoggin River, which drains into Merrymeeting Bay, the estuary of the Kennebec River, and then into the Gulf of Maine. The north, northeast, and southeast sides of Sunday River Whitecap drain into the Bear River, then into the Androscoggin River. The southwest side drains into Miles Brook, then into Sunday River and the Androscoggin.</p><br>
<p>The Grafton Loop trail, the trail to the peak completed in 2007, is the suggested route to the summit. The peak offers an excellent 360 degree view of the White Mountains, the Mahoosuc Range, Puzzle Mountain, the Androscoggin River Valley, and the Sunday River ski resort.</p><br>
<p>Monte Binga is the highest mountain in Mozambique and the second highest mountain in Zimbabwe. It is located on the border between Zimbabwe and Mozambique in the Chimanimani Transfrontier Park in the province of Manica. Its height is 8004 feet  above sea level</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The mountain is composed of very hard pale grey precambrian quartzite, which underlies all of the Chimanimani Plateau, giving it a desolate rocky appearance. The north-south trending quartzite bedding is upturned near the summit to an angle of about 40 degrees and dips to the east, the foot of the mountain and the Turret Towers range immediately to the south lying on a thrust fault. Consequently, the eastern approach is more gradual, while the western face is steep to sheer in places. The northern face is cut off by a fault and is sheer near the top, changing to a vertical cliff lower down. Approaching from the west, from the Bundi River Valley, there is an ill-defined trail which branches off from the main smugglers trail to Skeleton Pass.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing</h2><br>
<p>The climb is arduous and takes about the best part of a day. There are a number of false summits en route.The best path, marked with cairns, climbs south-east then eastward up from the Bundi valley, then swings north-east below the mountain until, at Bingas northern shoulder, swings south-east, climbs the mountains western face, and, reaching the ridge, swings into a northward scramble up to the beacon: about three hours from the Bundi valley.</p><br>
<p>There is little if any water on the approach from the west, nor at the top, but small puddles of water seep from the peat and collect in hollows not far off the summit on the gentler eastern slope. There are no well marked trails from Binga to the east and one must make one&#39;s own way, taking care when crossing the steep ravines that lead eastwards.</p><br>
<h3>Summit</h3><br>
<p>At the top the mountain curves into a dome-like prominence. The appearance of the mountain top is bleak and rocky, with an extremely shallow peaty soil supporting only tussocky grass and moss between the lichen-covered hard rock outcrops.</p><br>
<p>The views over the Mozambique plain are spectacular. Theoretically, with a telescope it should just be possible to see the Indian Ocean from the peak of Binga on a very clear day looking along an easterly bearing, at a range of 190 kilometres. The mountain is remote from settlements.</p><br>
<p>The Hoorn Islands  are one of the two island groups of which the French overseas collectivity  of Wallis and Futuna is geographically composed. The aggregate area is 115 km², and the population 4,873 .</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The archipelago was named by the Dutch navigators Willem Schouten and Jacob Le Maire, first Europeans to visit the islands in 1616. It was named after the Dutch city of Hoorn, from which the expedition started.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Geographically, there are two islands:</p><br>
<p>*Futuna Island (in the northwest) (83 km², pop. 4871)</p><br>
<p>*Alofi Island (in the southeast) (32 km², pop. 2)</p><br>
<p>Administratively, the Hoorn Islands encompass two of the three royal chiefdoms of Wallis and Futuna:</p><br>
<p>*Tu`a (Alo): the eastern part of Futuna Island, and Alofi Island (area 85 km², pop. 2993)</p><br>
<p>*Sigave (Singave): the western third of Futuna Island (area 30 km², pop. 1880)</p><br>
<p>St. Rose of Viterbo Convent is the motherhouse of the Franciscan Sisters of Perpetual Adoration, an American religious congregation, which is located in La Crosse, Wisconsin. The convent is dedicated to Rose of Viterbo, a 13th-century Franciscan tertiary who was a noted mystic and street preacher in Italy who died while still a teenager.</p><br>
<p>The convent contains three chapels, of which one, Mary of the Angels Chapel, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places of the United States. Another, the Adoration Chapel, is the site of perpetual adoration of the Blessed Sacrament, which has been an uninterrupted practice of the Sisters since August 1, 1878.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The central portion of the convent was built in 1871, when the Sisters moved their motherhouse from Jefferson, Wisconsin, at the invitation of Michael Heiss, Bishop of the newly established Diocese of La Crosse.</p><br>
<p>The convent was initially built both as the administrative center of the congregation and also as a secondary school for girls. With the growing numbers of members of the congregation and of the student body, two wings were added to the initial building which were completed in 1914. The original building was gutted by fire in 1923 and had to be rebuilt, which took two years.</p><br>
<h2>Mary of the Angels Chapel</h2><br>
<p>The Sisters built the first Chapel of Mary of the Angels (Maria Angelorum) to serve their own spiritual needs and that of their students. It was dedicated on August 2, 1873, the Feast of the Dedication of the Basilica of Our Lady of the Angels in Assisi, Italy, the first home of the Franciscan Order. In 1903, they began construction on a new chapel, designed by Eugene R. Liebert, which was completed on August 2, 1906. Thaddeus von Zukotynski was the artist for the oil-on-canvas painting located immediately above the main altar of the chapel. This work shows St. Francis of Assisi, founder of the Franciscan Order, at prayer in the Porziuncola, having a famous vision of Jesus and Mary in which he was granted the Porziuncula Indulgence.</p><br>
<p>This chapel, along with the Adoration Chapel, have over 100 windows of Munich-style stained glass created by the Royal Bavarian Stained Glass Factory in Munich, Germany.</p><br>
<p>Tammerkoski is a channel of rapids in Tampere, Finland. The city of Tampere is located between two lakes, Näsijärvi and Pyhäjärvi. The difference in altitude between these two is 18 m and the water flows from Näsijärvi to Pyhäjärvi through the Tammerkoski rapids.</p><br>
<p>The banks of the Tammerkoski are among the oldest industrial areas in Finland. There was a busy marketplace in the 17th century. Tampere was founded on the banks of the rapids, as the rushing water provided a great deal of power for the needs of industry.</p><br>
<p>There are four power stations and three dams located on the Tammerkoski. The highest in altitude is the dam between Finlayson and Tampella. From this dam, the stream is led to the power stations of Finlayson and Tampella on either side of the rapids. In the middle, there is the city&#39;s power plant and the lowest one in terms of altitude is the dam at the Tako paperboard mill, which belongs to M-real. The three uppermost power stations are owned by the city, while the powerstation by Tako is owned mostly by the municipal power company of Southern Savonia.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Tammerkoski has been mentioned in official documents since 1405. In the 15th century, the first dams were built on the channel. The first argument over milling plant rights happened in 1466, when Takahuhti, Messukylä and Tammerkoski argued over their shares. About a hundred years later the government noticed the possibilities in the area and tried to replace the peasant-controlled dams with their own. The attempt was unsuccessful due to opposition from the inhabitants.</p><br>
<p>In the 17th century, a popular and well-known marketplace was established in the Tammerkoski area. The permanent marketplace remained near the Tammerkosken kartano (Tammerkoski manor), west of the bridge over the channel. At the beginning of the 18th century, the main marketplace was moved to Harju.</p><br>
<p>In 1775, King Gustav III of Sweden travelled to Finland and signed the charter of foundation for Kauppala, a city later renamed to Tampere. A wooden bridge over the Tammerkoski was constructed in 1807. This was later replaced by an iron bridge in 1884 and an iron-concrete bridge named Hämeensilta in 1929. For motor vehicle use, many other bridges have since been built. These include Ratinan silta, Satakunnansilta and Paasikivensilta. For light traffic use, there are Ratinan suvannon silta and Patosilta. There is also a two-track railroad bridge.</p><br>
<p>By the beginning of the 1990s, most industry had disappeared from the banks of the Tammerkoski. The Tako paperboard mill is the only major industrial installation still operational in the area, producing mainly high-quality packaging products for luxury items such as French perfume. The buildings of the old factories have been turned into restaurants and museums among other uses. The waters of the Tammerkoski are rather unpolluted, belonging to the quality class II in the classification of the Finnish environmental authority and the channel is popular with fishermen.</p><br>
<p>The Owl Mountains  are a mountain range of the Central Sudetes in southwestern Poland. It includes a protected area called Owl Mountains Landscape Park.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Owl Mountains cover an area of about 200 km&sup2; and stretch over 26 km between the historic Lower Silesian region and Kłodzko Land. Apart from the main ridge, the subdivisions of Garb Dzikowca and Wzgórza Wyrębińskie can be distinguished.</p><br>
<p>The range is bounded by the valley of the Bystrzyca river in the northwest, forming a natural border with the adjacent Waldenburg Mountains (Góry Wałbrzyskie). In the southeast, the border is marked out by Srebrna Góra pass, separating them from the Bardzkie Mountains (Góry Bardzkie). In the north, the border is on Kotlina Distrabiekenstein and in the south on Obniżenie Noworudzkie and Włodzickie Hills. In the southwest, the broad Kłodzko Valley stretches to the Table Mountains (Góry Stołowe), the Stone Mountains (Góry Kamienne), and the border with the Czech Republic.</p><br>
<p>Seen from the Silesian Lowlands in the northeast, the Owl Mountains form a comparatively steep edge of the Central Sudetes, though the range is very diversified in terms of height. The highest peaks are Wielka Sowa ("Great Owl", at 1,014 m in altitude) and Kalenica (964 m) with their observation towers. Other peaks reach heights from about 600 m to 980 m metres above sea level.</p><br>
<p>The Precambrian gneiss rocks of the Owl Mountains constitute the oldest part of the Sudetes and are among the oldest in Europe. Other deposits include migmatite rocks, to a lesser extent also amphibolite, serpentinite, granulite, and pegmatite. Except for the summit clearings and the mountain passes, the Owl Mountains represent the spruce-clad type of mountains. There may be also observed a rare natural occurrence of beeches and European yew.</p><br>
<h2>Project Riese</h2><br>
<p>In World War II, a vast tunnel system was driven into the mountains near the village of Wüstewaltersdorf (present-day Walim) at the behest of the Nazi German government. Presumably meant to serve as a Führer Headquarter replacing Wolf&#39;s Lair in East Prussia, the adits are linked to another tunnel complex beneath Książ Castle (Schloss Fürstenstein), about 30 km in the northwest, built according to plans by Hermann Giesler. Parts of the extended complex are accessible and can be visited as part of a guided tour.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>Located about 75 km south of the regional capital Wrocław, the picturesque Owl Mountains are a popular destination for hikers and daytippers. At the foot of the range are well-known tourist places, like: Rzeczka, Walim at the Wielka Sowa massif, Sokolec, Jugów, Sierpnica, and Zagórze Śląskie.</p><br>
<p>The mountains are covered by a network of tourist trails, the most attractive of these, the red trail, leading through most of Europe. The favourite tourist destinations of the Owl Mountains include: the Stone Tower on Wielka Sowa and the viewing tower on Kalenica, Fort Srebrna Góra, Grodno Castle in Zagórze Śląskie, the adit complexes of Project Riese near Walim and the Mining Museum in Poland. Major towns at the foot of the Owl Mountains include Bielawa, Dzierżoniów, Głuszyca, Jedlina-Zdrój, Nowa Ruda, Pieszyce, and Srebrna Góra.</p><br>
<p>The Opawskie Mountains  or Zlatohorská Highlands  are a mountain range of the Eastern Sudetes in the Czech Republic and Poland.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Opawskie Mountains stretch from northern Czech Silesia into Polish Upper Silesia, the eastern continuation of the Golden Mountains range. It borders on the Nízký Jeseník range in the south and the Hrubý Jeseník (High Ash Mountains) in the southwest. The Polish part of the range includes the protected area known as Opawskie Mountains Landscape Park. It is named after the Opava River with its source in the neighbouring Hrubý Jeseník range.</p><br>
<h2>Towns and villages</h2><br>
<h3>Poland</h3><br>
<p>Prudnik</p><br>
<p>Głuchołazy</p><br>
<p>Jarnołtówek</p><br>
<p>Pokrzywna</p><br>
<p>Łąka Prudnicka</p><br>
<p>Moszczanka</p><br>
<p>Trzebina</p><br>
<p>Skrzypiec</p><br>
<p>Dytmarów</p><br>
<p>Krzyżkowice</p><br>
<p>Dębowiec</p><br>
<p>Opawica</p><br>
<p>Lenarcice</p><br>
<p>Krasne Pole</p><br>
<p>Chomiąża</p><br>
<p>Pietrowice</p><br>
<p>Ciermięcice</p><br>
<p>Pielgrzymów</p><br>
<p>Dobieszów</p><br>
<p>Gołuszowice</p><br>
<p>Zopowy</p><br>
<p>Zubrzyce</p><br>
<p>Włodzienin</p><br>
<p>Lewice</p><br>
<p>Bliszczyce</p><br>
<p>Branice</p><br>
<h3>Czech Republic</h3><br>
<p>Jeseník</p><br>
<p>Mikulovice</p><br>
<p>Rejvíz</p><br>
<p>Zlaté Hory</p><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
